官网:https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-static/spring-cloud-gateway/2.2.1.RELEASE/reference/html/
Spring Cloud Gateway 使用的Webflux中的reactor-netty响应式编程组件,底层使用了Netty通讯框架
gateway能做什么:
反向代理
鉴权
流量控制
熔断
日志监控
微服务架构中网关在哪里?
gateway具有的特性
gateway和zuul的区别
gateway三大核心概念:
Route(路由):路由是构建网关的基本模块,它由ID,目标URI,一系列的断言和过滤器组成,如果断言为true则匹配该路由
Predicate(断言):参考的是java8的java.util.function.Predicate开发人员可以匹配HTTP请求中的所有内容(例如请求头或请求参数),如果请求与断言相匹配则进行路由
Filter(过滤):指的是Spring框架中GatewayFilter的实例,使用过滤器,可以在请求被路由前或者之后对请求进行修改。
Gateway核心逻辑:路由转发+执行过滤器链
入门配置
新建:cloud-geteway-gateway9527
注意:Gateway不需要spring-boot-starter-web和spring-boot-starter-actuator,加了这两个会报错
编辑pom.xml
<dependencies>
<!--新增gateway-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
编辑application.yml
server:
port: 9527
spring:
application:
name: cloud-gateway
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: payment_routh #路由的ID,没有固定规则但要求唯一,建议配合服务名
uri: http://localhost:8001 #匹配后提供服务的路由地址
predicates:
- Path=/payment/get/** #断言,路径相匹配的进行路由
- id: payment_routh2
uri: http://localhost:8001
predicates:
- Path=/payment/lb/** #断言,路径相匹配的进行路由
eureka:
instance:
hostname: cloud-gateway-service
client:
service-url:
register-with-eureka: true
fetch-registry: true
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka
编辑主启动类
package com.atguigu.springcloud;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class GateWayMain9527 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(GateWayMain9527.class,args);
}
}
9527网关如何做路由映射?
application.yml新增网关配置
spring:
application:
name: cloud-gateway
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: payment_routh #路由的ID,没有固定规则但要求唯一,建议配合服务名
uri: http://localhost:8001 #匹配后提供服务的路由地址
predicates:
- Path=/payment/get/** #断言,路径相匹配的进行路由
- id: payment_routh2
uri: http://localhost:8001
predicates:
- Path=/payment/lb/** #断言,路径相匹配的进行路由
测试
http://localhost:7001/
http://localhost:9527/payment/get/31
http://localhost:9527/payment/lb
代码方式配置断言
package com.atguigu.springcloud.config;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.RouteLocator;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.builder.RouteLocatorBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class GateWayConfig {
@Bean
public RouteLocator customRouteLocator(RouteLocatorBuilder routeLocatorBuilder) {
RouteLocatorBuilder.Builder routes = routeLocatorBuilder.routes();
routes.route("path_rote_atguigu", r -> r.path("/guonei").uri("http://news.baidu.com/guonei")).build();
return routes.build();
}
}
Gateway配置动态路由(通过服务名)
默认情况下Gateway会根据注册中心的服务列表,以注册中心上微服务名为路径创建动态路由进行转发,从而实现动态路由的功能。
一个eureka7001+两个服务提供者8001/8002
编辑9527 application.yml
server:
port: 9527
spring:
application:
name: cloud-gateway
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: payment_routh #路由的ID,没有固定规则但要求唯一,建议配合服务名
#uri: http://localhost:8001 #匹配后提供服务的路由地址
uri: lb://CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE #!!!!!!!!!!!! 大写
predicates:
- Path=/payment/get/** #断言,路径相匹配的进行路由
- id: payment_routh2
#uri: http://localhost:8001
uri: lb://CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE #!!!!!!!!!!!! 大写
predicates:
- Path=/payment/lb/** #断言,路径相匹配的进行路由
discovery:
locator:
enabled: true #开启从注册中心动态创建路由的功能,利用微服务名进行路由!!!!!!!!!!
eureka:
instance:
hostname: cloud-gateway-service
client:
service-url:
register-with-eureka: true
fetch-registry: true
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka
需要注意的是uri的协议为lb,表示启用Gateway的负载均衡功能。
lb://serviceName是spring cloud gateway在微服务中自动为我们创建的负载均衡uri
访问:http://localhost:9527/payment/lb
Predicate的使用
Filter的使用
指的是Spring框架中GatewayFilter的实例,使用过滤器,可以在请求被路由前或者之后对请求进行修改。
自定义过滤器
自定义全局GlobalFilter
实现两个接口:impiemerts GlobalFilter ,Ordered
package com.atguigu.springcloud.filter;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilterChain;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GlobalFilter;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
import java.util.Date;
@Component
@Slf4j
public class MyLogGateWayFilter implements GlobalFilter, Ordered {
@Override
public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
log.info("***********************come in MyLogGateWayFilter:"+new Date());
String uname = exchange.getRequest().getQueryParams().getFirst("uname");
if(uname == null){
log.info("**********用户名为null,非法用户");
exchange.getResponse().setStatusCode(HttpStatus.NOT_ACCEPTABLE);
return exchange.getResponse().setComplete();
}
return chain.filter(exchange);
}
@Override
public int getOrder() {
return 0;
}
}
访问:
http://localhost:9527/payment/lb
http://localhost:9527/payment/lb?uname=1