linux：Too Many Open Files（打开的文件过多）

前言

• linux RH7
• ulimit命令
• lsof命令
• /proc/{pid}/limits
• 了解linux：系统对open files的限制

今天发现某个程序发生了Too Many Open Files（打开的文件过多）错误。该程序的PID为4837。下面为检查过程。

检查系统对单个进程文件句柄的限制

用ulimit -n命令查询：

> ulimit -n
 65535

或用ulimit -a命令查询open files：

> ulimit -a
core file size          (blocks, -c) 0
data seg size           (kbytes, -d) unlimited
scheduling priority             (-e) 0
file size               (blocks, -f) unlimited
pending signals                 (-i) 255796
max locked memory       (kbytes, -l) 64
max memory size         (kbytes, -m) unlimited
open files                      (-n) 65535
pipe size            (512 bytes, -p) 8
POSIX message queues     (bytes, -q) 819200
real-time priority              (-r) 0
stack size              (kbytes, -s) 8192
cpu time               (seconds, -t) unlimited
max user processes              (-u) 255796
virtual memory          (kbytes, -v) unlimited
file locks                      (-x) unlimited

检查发生Too Many Open Files的进程的Max open files

每个进程均会有对应的Max open files设置，用到的命令：

cat /proc/{pid}/limits |grep 'Max open files'

检查结果:

> cat /proc/4837/limits |grep 'Max open files'
Max open files            4096                 4096                 files

或：

> cat /proc/4837/limits
Limit                     Soft Limit           Hard Limit           Units
Max cpu time              unlimited            unlimited            seconds
Max file size             unlimited            unlimited            bytes
Max data size             unlimited            unlimited            bytes
Max stack size            8388608              unlimited            bytes
Max core file size        0                    unlimited            bytes
Max resident set          unlimited            unlimited            bytes
Max processes             255796               255796               processes
Max open files            4096                 4096                 files
Max locked memory         65536                65536                bytes
Max address space         unlimited            unlimited            bytes
Max file locks            unlimited            unlimited            locks
Max pending signals       255796               255796               signals
Max msgqueue size         819200               819200               bytes
Max nice priority         0                    0
Max realtime priority     0                    0
Max realtime timeout      unlimited            unlimited            us

进程使用了多少文件句柄

用到的命令：

> lsof -p pid | wc -l

检查结果：

> lsof -p 4837 | wc -l
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.gvfsd-fuse file system /run/user/1001/gvfs
      Output information may be incomplete.
4169

至此，发现了问题：ulimit查询到最大open files数量是65535， /proc/4837/limits查询到Max open files数量是4096，lsof查询到的打开文件数量4169。显然进程4837打开文件数量超过了/proc/4837/limits中的限制。

至于lsof查询到的打开文件数量是4169而不是4096，这个还没搞清楚。

查pid

> ps -ef | grep java