用c将固定格式的txt文件中的信息读取出来

要提取的信息如图，这是一个歌曲的标准音高文件。[]内为该句的起始时间和结束时间，<>中的三个数分别为该字相对于句起始时间的起始时间、持续时间和音调。现在要以链表的形式将这个txt中的数据读取出来。

用到的关键函数有：

1)字符串分割函数

char *strtok（char s[]，const char *delim）；
分解字符串为一组字符串。s为要分解的字符串，delim为分隔符字符串。首次调用时，s指向要分解的字符串，之后再次调用要把s设成NULL。
返回值是从s开头开始的一个个被分割的串。当查找不到delim中的字符时，返回NULL。
eg：

#include<string.h>
#include<stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    char input[16]="abc,d";
    char*p;
    p=strtok(input,",");
    if(p)
        printf("%s\n",p);
    p=strtok(NULL,",");
    if(p)
        printf("%s\n",p);
    return0;
}

结果是打印出abc
d

2)读取一行fgets
char *fgets(char *buf,int bufsize,FILE *stream);
从文件结构体指针stream中读取数据，每次读取一行。读取的数据保存在buf指向的字符数组中，每次最多读取bufsize-1个字符（第bufsize个字符赋’\0’），如果文件中的该行，不足bufsize个字符，则读完该行就结束。如若该行（包括最后一个换行符）的字符数超过bufsize-1，则fgets只返回一个不完整的行，但是，缓冲区总是以NULL字符结尾，对fgets的下一次调用会继续读该行。函数成功将返回buf，失败或读到文件结尾返回NULL。

完整代码：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#include <string.h>

#define N 1000

struct singleWord              //定义单字处理后的结构
{
    double startTime;
    double duration;
    double pitch;
    double word;

    singleWord *nextWord;
};

struct singleSentence          //定义单句处理后的结构
{
    double startTime;
    double duration;

    singleWord *firstWord;
    singleSentence *nextSentence;
};


double charToDouble(char *p)         //将读出的字符类型数据转换成int类型
{
    double temp=0;
    while(*p!='\0')
    {
        temp+=*p-48;
        temp*=10;
        p++;
    }
    temp/=10;
    return temp;
}


int main()
{


    FILE *fp;
    char *inputPath="D:\\wavcs\\我只在乎你.txt";
    fp=fopen(inputPath,"r");
    if(fp==NULL)
    {
        printf("can't open this file\n");
        exit(0);
    }

    singleSentence *sentenceHeadNode=(singleSentence *)malloc(sizeof(singleSentence));
    singleSentence *qSentence=sentenceHeadNode;
    char str[N];
    for (int i=0;i<N;i++)
    {
        str[i]=0;
    }
    fgets(str,sizeof(str),fp);

    char *delim = "[,]<>";
    char *p=NULL;
    p=strtok(str,delim);
    (sentenceHeadNode->startTime)=charToDouble(p);
    p=strtok(NULL,delim);
    (sentenceHeadNode->duration)=charToDouble(p);

    singleWord *wordHeadNode=(singleWord *)malloc(sizeof(singleWord));
    singleWord *qWord=wordHeadNode;
    qSentence->firstWord=wordHeadNode;
    p=strtok(NULL,delim);
    (wordHeadNode->startTime)=charToDouble(p);
    p=strtok(NULL,delim);
    (wordHeadNode->duration)=charToDouble(p);
    p=strtok(NULL,delim);
    (wordHeadNode->pitch)=charToDouble(p);
    p=strtok(NULL,delim);
    (wordHeadNode->word)=charToDouble(p);
    while(p = strtok(NULL, delim))
    {
        singleWord *wordNode=(singleWord *)malloc(sizeof(singleWord));
        qWord->nextWord=wordNode;
        (wordNode->startTime)=charToDouble(p);
        p=strtok(NULL,delim);
        (wordNode->duration)=charToDouble(p);
        p=strtok(NULL,delim);
        (wordNode->pitch)=charToDouble(p);
        p=strtok(NULL,delim);
        (wordHeadNode->word)=charToDouble(p);
        qWord=wordNode;
    }
    qWord->nextWord=NULL;
    for (int i=0;i<N;i++)
    {
        str[i]=0;
    }


    while (fgets(str,sizeof(str),fp))
    {

        singleSentence *sentenceNode=(singleSentence *)malloc(sizeof(singleSentence));
        qSentence->nextSentence=sentenceNode;
        qSentence=sentenceNode;


        p=strtok(str,delim);
        (sentenceNode->startTime)=charToDouble(p);
        p=strtok(NULL,delim);
        (sentenceNode->duration)=charToDouble(p);

        singleWord *wordHeadNode=(singleWord *)malloc(sizeof(singleWord));
        singleWord *qWord=wordHeadNode;
        qSentence->firstWord=wordHeadNode;
        p=strtok(NULL,delim);
        (wordHeadNode->startTime)=charToDouble(p);
        p=strtok(NULL,delim);
        (wordHeadNode->duration)=charToDouble(p);
        p=strtok(NULL,delim);
        (wordHeadNode->pitch)=charToDouble(p);
        p=strtok(NULL,delim);
        (wordHeadNode->word)=charToDouble(p);

        while(p = strtok(NULL, delim))
        {
            singleWord *wordNode=(singleWord *)malloc(sizeof(singleWord));
            qWord->nextWord=wordNode;
            (wordNode->startTime)=charToDouble(p);
            p=strtok(NULL,delim);
            (wordNode->duration)=charToDouble(p);
            p=strtok(NULL,delim);
            (wordNode->pitch)=charToDouble(p);
            p=strtok(NULL,delim);
            (wordHeadNode->word)=charToDouble(p);
            qWord=wordNode;
        }
        qWord->nextWord=NULL;

        for (int i=0;i<N;i++)
        {
            str[i]=0;
        }

    }
    qSentence->nextSentence=NULL;

    singleSentence *sentencePrint=sentenceHeadNode;       //读取成链表结构的输出测试
    while (sentencePrint!=NULL)
    {
        printf("%0.0lf ",sentencePrint->startTime);
        printf("%0.0lf\n",sentencePrint->duration);
        singleWord *wordPrint=sentencePrint->firstWord;
        while (wordPrint!=NULL)
        {
            wordPrint->word=0;
            printf("%0.0lf ",wordPrint->startTime);
            printf("%0.0lf ",wordPrint->duration);
            printf("%0.0lf ",wordPrint->pitch);
            printf("%0.0lf      ",wordPrint->word);
            wordPrint=wordPrint->nextWord;
        }
        sentencePrint=sentencePrint->nextSentence;
        printf("\n\n");
    }


    fclose(fp);

    return 0;
}

输出结果如下图：