[Rotate Image48]Rotate Image

You are given an n x n 2D matrix representing an image.

Rotate the image by 90 degrees (clockwise).

Follow up:
Could you do this in-place?

Analysis:

This is a classic problem in Craking Coding interview, 1.6

The key idea is to rotate the matrix according to layers. For the nth layer(the out layer), rotate 90 degree is to move all the elements n times in a circle. In each layer, the rotation can be performed by first swap 4 corners, then swap 4 elements next to corner until the end of each line.

While there is another soulution could calculate index easily.

1. lap over along with x-axis2

2. lap over along with diagonal line

Java

public void rotate(int[][] matrix) {
        // IMPORTANT: Please reset any member data you declared, as
        // the same Solution instance will be reused for each test case.
        int length = matrix.length;
        // swap the diagnoal
        for(int i=0; i<length/2; i++){
        	for(int j=0; j<length; j++){
        		int temp = matrix[i][j];
        		matrix[i][j] = matrix[length-i-1][j];
        		matrix[length-i-1][j] = temp;
        	}
        }
        for(int i=0; i<length; i++){
        	for(int j=0; j<i+1;j++){
        		int temp = matrix[i][j];
        		matrix[i][j] = matrix[j][i];
        		matrix[j][i] = temp;
        	}
        }
    }

c++

void rotate(vector<vector<int> > &matrix) {
        int length = matrix.size();
    for(int i=0;i<length/2;i++){
        for(int j=0;j<length;j++){
            swap(matrix[i][j],matrix[length-1-i][j]);
        }
    }
    for(int i=0;i<length;i++){
        for(int j=0;j<i+1;j++){
            swap(matrix[i][j],matrix[j][i]);
        }
    }
    }