Java中浅克隆和深克隆之异同

1 概述

1.1 浅克隆

创建一个新对象，新对象的属性值和原来对象完全相同，对于非基本类型属性，仍指向原有属性所指向的对象。

1.2 深克隆

创建一个新对象，属性中引用的其他对象也会被克隆，不再指向原有对象。

1.3 异同点

1. 深浅克隆都会在堆中新创建一个对象；
2. 区别在于对象属性引用的对象是否也进行了克隆（递归性的，深的克隆，浅的不克隆）；

示例

1. pos:当前对象的地址；

2. son:son属性所指向的地址；

3. name:对象的name属性。

2 案例

2.1 浅克隆实现步骤

1. 实现Cloneable接口（标识接口，没有任何接口方法，表明实现该接口的类可被克隆）；
2. 在类中重写Object类中的clone()方法，调用super.clone()，实现浅克隆;
3. 把克隆的引用指向原型对象新的克隆体；

class Address{
    private Integer id;
    private String name;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

import java.io.*;

class Person implements Cloneable,Serializable{
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    private Address address;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Address getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(Address address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return this.name+"  "+this.age+"  "+this.address+"  "+super.toString();
    }

    @Override
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Object o = null;
        try{
            o = (Person)super.clone();
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return o;
    }
}

public class MyTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        Address address = new Address();
        address.setId(1);
        address.setName("西安");

        Person person1 = new Person();
        person1.setName("张三");
        person1.setAge(24);
        person1.setAddress(address);
        Person person2 = (Person)person1.clone();

        System.out.println(person1);
        System.out.println(person2);
    }
}

瓜田李下  24  Address@4554617c  Person@74a14482
瓜田李下  24  Address@4554617c  Person@1540e19d

2.2 深克隆实现步骤

1. 实现Cloneable和Serializable接口（该接口也为标识接口，表明实现该接口的类可被序列化）；
2. 在类中重写Object类中的clone()方法，通过对象的序列化和反序列化实现深克隆；
3. 把克隆的引用指向原型对象新的克隆体；

import java.io.Serializable;

class Address implements Serializable{
    private Integer id;
    private String name;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

import java.io.*;

class Person implements Cloneable,Serializable{
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    private Address address;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Address getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(Address address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return this.name+"  "+this.age+"  "+this.address+"  "+super.toString();
    }

    @Override
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Object o = null;
        try{
            ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(outputStream);
            objectOutputStream.writeObject(this);

            ByteArrayInputStream inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(outputStream.toByteArray());
            ObjectInputStream objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(inputStream);

            o = objectInputStream.readObject();

        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return o;
    }
}

public class MyTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        Address address = new Address();
        address.setId(1);
        address.setName("西安");

        Person person1 = new Person();
        person1.setName("张三");
        person1.setAge(24);
        person1.setAddress(address);
        Person person2 = (Person)person1.clone();

        System.out.println(person1);
        System.out.println(person2);
    }
}

张三  24  Address@330bedb4  Person@45ee12a7
张三  24  Address@66d3c617  Person@63947c6b