18. 行列式及其性质

1. 单位矩阵I的行列式值为1
   $$\begin{array}{c}|I|=1\end{array}$$
2. 交换行，行列式的值相反，也就是说，我们对一个矩阵进行行交换，假设原来的值为$|A|=5$,一次交换后，$|A|=-5$
   $$\begin{array}{c}\left|\begin{array}{cc}1& 0\\ & \\ 0& 1\end{array}\right|=1;\left|\begin{array}{cc}0& 1\\ & \\ 1& 0\end{array}\right|=-1;\end{array}$$
   $$\begin{array}{c}\left|\begin{array}{cc}a& b\\ & \\ c& d\end{array}\right|=\left|\begin{array}{cc}a& b\\ & \\ 0& d-\frac{cb}{a}\end{array}\right|=ad-bc;\end{array}$$
3. 行列式乘法法则
   $$\begin{array}{c}\left|\begin{array}{cc}ta& tb\\ & \\ c& d\end{array}\right|=t\left|\begin{array}{cc}a& b\\ & \\ c& d\end{array}\right|\end{array}$$
4. 行列式加法
   $$\begin{array}{c}\left|\begin{array}{cc}a+a^{\prime }& b+b^{\prime }\\ & \\ c& d\end{array}\right|=\left|\begin{array}{cc}a& b\\ & \\ c& d\end{array}\right|+\left|\begin{array}{cc}{a}^{\prime }& b^{\prime }\\ & \\ c& d\end{array}\right|\end{array}$$
5. 如果行列式两行相等，行列式值相等。行列式的相同值行进行变换后，|A|=-|A|
   $$\begin{array}{c}|A|=-|A|\Rightarrow 2|A|=0\Rightarrow |A|=0\end{array}$$
6. 将第 i 行减去第 j 行的k倍，行列式不变
   $$\begin{array}{c}\left|\begin{array}{cc}a-kc& b-kd\\ & \\ c& d\end{array}\right|=\left|\begin{array}{cc}a& b\\ & \\ c& d\end{array}\right|+\left|\begin{array}{cc}-kc& -kd\\ & \\ c& d\end{array}\right|=\left|\begin{array}{cc}a& b\\ & \\ c& d\end{array}\right|-k\left|\begin{array}{cc}c& d\\ & \\ c& d\end{array}\right|=\left|\begin{array}{cc}a& b\\ & \\ c& d\end{array}\right|\end{array}$$
7. 如果行列式有一行全为0，那么行列式值为0
   将行列式全为0的行乘以5，那么行列式为5|A|=|A|,那么得到|A|=0
8. 如果矩阵U为上三角矩阵，那么矩阵U的行列式为对角线积
   $$\begin{array}{c}|U|=d_1{d}_2\dots d_n\end{array}$$
9. $det(AB)=det(A)det(B)$
10. $det(A^{-1})=1/det(A)$
11. d e t ( A 2 ) = { d e t ( A ) } 2 det(A^2)=\{det(A)\}^2 det(A2)={det(A)}2
12. d e t ( 2 A ) = 2 n { d e t ( A ) } det(2A)=2^n\{det(A)\} det(2A)=2n{det(A)}
13. $det(A^T)=det(A)$