在前面我们在解决线程同步问题的时候使用了synchronized关键字,今天我们来看看Java 5.0以后提供的线程锁Lock. >>>>>>>>>>>>盗QQ号详细教程
Lock接口的实现类提供了比使用synchronized关键字更加灵活和广泛的锁定对象操作,而且是以面向对象的方式进行对象加锁。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | @Override public void run() { while(true){ Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(); try { lock.lock(); Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(3000)); String data = readData(); System.out.print("读取数据: " + data); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally{ lock.unlock(); } } } |
读写锁:分为读锁和写锁,多个读锁不互斥,读锁与写锁互斥,写锁与写锁互斥,这是由JVM控制的。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 | import java.util.Random; import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock; import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock; public class ReadWriteLockTest { static ReadWriteLock rwl = new ReentrantReadWriteLock(); private static String data = null; public static void main(String[] args) { Runnable runnable1 = new MyRunnable1(); Runnable runnable2 = new MyRunnable2(); for(int i=0; i<3; i++){ new Thread(runnable1).start(); new Thread(runnable2).start(); } } static class MyRunnable1 implements Runnable{ @Override public void run() { writeData("" + new Random().nextInt(100)); } } static class MyRunnable2 implements Runnable{ @Override public void run() { readData(); } } private static void writeData(String var){ rwl.writeLock().lock(); try { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 准备写"); Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(3000)); data = var; System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 写完毕"); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally{ rwl.writeLock().unlock(); } } private static void readData(){ rwl.readLock().lock(); //用读锁锁住 try { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 准备读"); Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(3000)); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 读完毕"); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally{ rwl.readLock().unlock(); } } } |
ReentrantLock是一个可重入的互斥锁,重入锁是一种递归无阻塞的同步机制。ReentrantLock由最近成功获取锁,还没有释放的线程所拥有,当锁被另一个线程拥有时,调用lock的线程可以成功获取锁。如果锁已经被当前线程拥有,当前线程会立即返回。
重入锁的构造方法提供一个可选的公平参数:
公平情况下,操作会排一个队按顺序执行,来保证执行顺序。
不公平情况下,是无序状态允许插队,jvm会自动计算如何处理更快速来调度插队。(
1、防止重复执行(忽略重复触发)
- ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
- if (lock.tryLock()) { //如果已经被lock,则立即返回false不会等待,达到忽略操作的效果
- try {
- //操作
- } finally {
- lock.unlock();
- }
- }
2、同步执行,类似synchronized
- ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock(); //参数默认false,不公平锁
- ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock(true); //公平锁
- lock.lock(); //如果被其它资源锁定,会在此等待锁释放,达到暂停的效果
- try {
- //操作
- } finally {
- lock.unlock();
- }
3、尝试等待执行
- ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock(true); //公平锁
- try {
- if (lock.tryLock(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
- //如果已经被lock,尝试等待5s,看是否可以获得锁,如果5s后仍然无法获得锁则返回false继续执行
- try {
- //操作
- } finally {
- lock.unlock();
- }
- }
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace(); //当前线程被中断时(interrupt),会抛InterruptedException
- }
4、可中断锁的同步执行
- ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock(true); //公平锁
- lock.lockInterruptibly();
- try {
- //操作
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- lock.unlock();
- }