Ubuntu配置JDK版本

今天在使用Ubuntu编译Android的时候遇到一个jdk配置的问题，记之以备遗忘，以备时光。

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配置JDK

使用docker创建我的容器，使用了别人的Ubuntu镜像，打开以后发现已经安装了一个版本的JDK

root@0517854c0269:/# java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_222"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_222-8u222-b10-1~14.04-b10)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.222-b10, mixed mode)

我需要的JDK版本是1.7，执行如下命令进行了安装：
apt-get install openjdk-7-jdk

安装完以后就需要配置了，因为查看了一下发现默认的JDK版本还是原来已经安装的1.8版本，查找了一下，发现可以使用update-alternatives命令进行配置。如下：

update-alternatives --config javac
update-alternatives --config javap
update-alternatives --config javah
update-alternatives --config java

配置完以后，查看java版本，已经设置好了：

root@0517854c0269:/# java -version
java version "1.7.0_201"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (IcedTea 2.6.17) (7u211-2.6.17-0ubuntu0.1)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.201-b00, mixed mode)
root@0517854c0269:/# javac -version
javac 1.7.0_201
root@0517854c0269:/# javap -version
1.7.0_201
root@0517854c0269:/# javah -version
javah version "1.7.0_201"

还看到一个比较简单粗暴的方法，就是把之前的jdk统统卸载，然后重新安装，命令如下：

//查看安装的jdk包
dpkg --list | grep -i jdk
//移除 openjdk包
apt-get purge openjdk*

除此之外有个有趣的问题，发现不同版本的Ubuntu在下载JDK包时，速度真是天差地别。使用Ubuntu12.04下载openjdk-7-jdk，速度是MB级别的，如果用Ubuntu16.04下载，就只有10几KB每秒。。所以自己在搭建环境的时候，建议与原厂推荐的环境版本保持一致，可能会少一些坑。

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javac javap javah

javac	编译工具
javap	反编译工具
javah	自动生成JNI头文件

root@0517854c0269:/# javac -help
Usage: javac <options> <source files>
where possible options include:
  -g                         Generate all debugging info
  -g:none                    Generate no debugging info
  -g:{lines,vars,source}     Generate only some debugging info
  -nowarn                    Generate no warnings
  -verbose                   Output messages about what the compiler is doing
  -deprecation               Output source locations where deprecated APIs are used
  -classpath <path>          Specify where to find user class files and annotation processors
  -cp <path>                 Specify where to find user class files and annotation processors
  -sourcepath <path>         Specify where to find input source files
  -bootclasspath <path>      Override location of bootstrap class files
  -extdirs <dirs>            Override location of installed extensions
  -endorseddirs <dirs>       Override location of endorsed standards path
  -proc:{none,only}          Control whether annotation processing and/or compilation is done.
  -processor <class1>[,<class2>,<class3>...] Names of the annotation processors to run; bypasses default discovery process
  -processorpath <path>      Specify where to find annotation processors
  -d <directory>             Specify where to place generated class files
  -s <directory>             Specify where to place generated source files
  -implicit:{none,class}     Specify whether or not to generate class files for implicitly referenced files
  -encoding <encoding>       Specify character encoding used by source files
  -source <release>          Provide source compatibility with specified release
  -target <release>          Generate class files for specific VM version
  -version                   Version information
  -help                      Print a synopsis of standard options
  -Akey[=value]              Options to pass to annotation processors
  -X                         Print a synopsis of nonstandard options
  -J<flag>                   Pass <flag> directly to the runtime system
  -Werror                    Terminate compilation if warnings occur
  @<filename>                Read options and filenames from file

root@0517854c0269:/# javap -help
Usage: javap <options> <classes>
where possible options include:
  -help  --help  -?        Print this usage message
  -version                 Version information
  -v  -verbose             Print additional information
  -l                       Print line number and local variable tables
  -public                  Show only public classes and members
  -protected               Show protected/public classes and members
  -package                 Show package/protected/public classes
                           and members (default)
  -p  -private             Show all classes and members
  -c                       Disassemble the code
  -s                       Print internal type signatures
  -sysinfo                 Show system info (path, size, date, MD5 hash)
                           of class being processed
  -constants               Show static final constants
  -classpath <path>        Specify where to find user class files
  -bootclasspath <path>    Override location of bootstrap class files

root@0517854c0269:/# javah -help
Usage:
  javah [options] <classes>
where [options] include:
  -o <file>                Output file (only one of -d or -o may be used)
  -d <dir>                 Output directory
  -v  -verbose             Enable verbose output
  -h  --help  -?           Print this message
  -version                 Print version information
  -jni                     Generate JNI-style header file (default)
  -force                   Always write output files
  -classpath <path>        Path from which to load classes
  -bootclasspath <path>    Path from which to load bootstrap classes
<classes> are specified with their fully qualified names
(for example, java.lang.Object).

update-alternatives

软件版本管理命令

可参考链接：
https://blog.csdn.net/hellocsz/article/details/82701689

root@0517854c0269:/# update-alternatives --help
Usage: update-alternatives [<option> ...] <command>

Commands:
  --install <link> <name> <path> <priority>
    [--slave <link> <name> <path>] ...
                           add a group of alternatives to the system.
  --remove <name> <path>   remove <path> from the <name> group alternative.
  --remove-all <name>      remove <name> group from the alternatives system.
  --auto <name>            switch the master link <name> to automatic mode.
  --display <name>         display information about the <name> group.
  --query <name>           machine parseable version of --display <name>.
  --list <name>            display all targets of the <name> group.
  --get-selections         list master alternative names and their status.
  --set-selections         read alternative status from standard input.
  --config <name>          show alternatives for the <name> group and ask the
                           user to select which one to use.
  --set <name> <path>      set <path> as alternative for <name>.
  --all                    call --config on all alternatives.

<link> is the symlink pointing to /etc/alternatives/<name>.
  (e.g. /usr/bin/pager)
<name> is the master name for this link group.
  (e.g. pager)
<path> is the location of one of the alternative target files.
  (e.g. /usr/bin/less)
<priority> is an integer; options with higher numbers have higher priority in
  automatic mode.

Options:
  --altdir <directory>     change the alternatives directory.
  --admindir <directory>   change the administrative directory.
  --log <file>             change the log file.
  --force                  allow replacing files with alternative links.
  --skip-auto              skip prompt for alternatives correctly configured
                           in automatic mode (relevant for --config only)
  --verbose                verbose operation, more output.
  --quiet                  quiet operation, minimal output.
  --help                   show this help message.
  --version                show the version.