图书馆管理系统心得体会

经过两个多星期的奋战和多次的修改，我自己的图书管理系统就写完了，虽然只能实现存书，借书、还书等功能、但其实自

己还是挺有成就感的，话不多说，先贴代码

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
class Date
{
    int year,month,day;
public:
    Date(int x,int y,int z):year(x),month(y),day(z){}
    Date(){year=month=day=0;}
    void setDate(int x,int y,int z){year=x;month=y;day=z;}
    void setYear(int x){year=x;}
    void setMonth(int x){month=x;}
    void setDay(int x){day=x;}

    int getYear(){return year;}
    int getMonth(){return month;}
    int getDay(){return day;}
    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &out,Date &t );
    friend istream& operator>>(istream &in,Date &t);
    bool operator<(const Date &t);
};
ostream& operator<<(ostream &out,Date &t )
{
    out<<t.year<<" ";
    out<<t.month<<" ";
    out<<t.day;
    return out;
}
istream& operator>>(istream &in,Date &t)
{
    in>>t.year>>t.month>>t.day;
    return in;
}
bool Date::operator<(const Date &t)
{
    return year!=t.year?year<t.year:month!=t.month?month<t.month:day<t.day;
}
class Record
{
    int uid;
    int bid;
    Date start;
    Date end;//默认end为应该还书的时间
    int xj;//1表示已经续借过，0时还未续借
    int sy;//1时已经还书，0时未还书
public:
    Record(int a,int b,Date c):uid(a),bid(b),start(c)
    {
       int i,j,k;
       i=start.getYear();
       j=start.getMonth();
       k=start.getDay();
       if(j+2<=12)
       {
           end.setDate(i,j+2,k);
       }
       else  end.setDate(i+1,j+2-12,k);
       xj=0;sy=0;
    }
    Record(){}
    int getUid(){return uid;}
    int getBid(){return bid;}
    Date getS(){return start;}

    Date getE(){return end;}
    int getxj(){return xj;}
    int getsy(){return sy;}

    void setE();//用于续借时修改应该还书的时间，即将end再加两个月
    void setxj(int x){xj=x;}
    void setsy(int x){sy=x;}

    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &out,Record &r );
    friend istream& operator>>(istream &in,Record &r);
    void display();
};
void Record::setE()
{
    int i,j,k;
    i=end.getYear();
    j=end.getMonth();
    k=end.getDay();
    if(j+2<=12)
    {
        end.setDate(i,j+2,k);
    }
    else  end.setDate(i+1,j+2-12,k);
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream &out,Record &r)
{
    out<<r.uid<<" ";
    out<<r.bid<<" ";
    out<<r.start<<" ";
    out<<r.end<<" ";
    out<<r.xj<<" ";
    out<<r.sy<<" ";
    return out;
}
istream& operator>>(istream &in,Record &r)
{
    in>>r.uid>>r.bid>>r.start>>r.end>>r.xj>>r.sy;
    return in;
}
void Record::display()
{
    cout<<"借阅人:"<<uid<<" "<<"书号:"<<bid<<" "<<"借书日期:"<<start<<" "<<"应还书日期:"<<end<<" "<<"是否续借过:"<<xj<<" "<<"是否已还书:"<<sy<<endl;
}
class Book
{
    int id;//书号
    string name;//书名
    string press;//出版社
    Date pd;//出版日期
    int sum,ln;//总册数，已借出
    int i;
public:
    vector<Record>v1;
    vector<Record>::iterator it1;
    multimap<int,int>m1;//根据借阅人的学号建立
    multimap<int,int>::iterator mit1;
    Book(int a,string b,string c,Date d,int e,int f):id(a),name(b),press(c),pd(d),sum(e),ln(f){i=v1.size();}
    Book(){}
    int getId(){return id;}
    string getName(){return name;}
    string getPress(){return press;}
    Date getPd(){return pd;}

    int getSum(){return sum;}
    int getLn(){return ln;}

    void setSum(int x){sum=x;}
    void setLn(int x){ln=x;}

    void addRecord(Record r);
    void dispRecord();
    int search(int x);//根据借阅人的学号查询
    void display();
    void display1();
    friend istream& operator>>(istream &in,Book &b);
    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &out,Book &b);
};
istream& operator>>(istream &in,Book &b)
{
    in>>b.id>>b.name>>b.press>>b.pd>>b.sum>>b.ln>>b.i;
    int s=0;
    if(b.i!=0)
    {
        while(s!=b.i)
        {
            in>>b.v1[s];s++;
        }
    }
    return in;
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream &out,Book &b)
{
    out<<b.id<<" "<<b.name<<" "<<b.press<<" "<<b.pd<<" "<<b.sum<<" "<<b.ln<<" "<<endl;
    if(b.v1.size()!=0)
    {
       out<<b.v1.size()<<endl;
       for(int i=0;i<b.v1.size();i++)
       {
           out<<b.v1[i];
           if(i!=b.v1.size()-1)
              out<<endl;
       }
    }
    else
        out<<b.v1.size();
    return out;
}
void Book::addRecord(Record r)
{
    int i;
    v1.push_back(r);
    i=v1.size();
    m1.insert(make_pair(r.getUid(),i-1));
}
void Book::dispRecord()
{
    for(int i=0;i<v1.size();i++)
        v1[i].display();
}
int Book::search(int x)
{
    mit1=m1.find(x);
    if(mit1!=m1.end())
    {
        return mit1->second;//返回的是这本书存储的关于借阅人x的借阅记录的下标值
    }
    else return -1;
}
void Book::display()
{
    cout<<"书号:"<<id<<" "<<"书名:"<<name<<" "<<"出版社:"<<press<<" "<<"出版日期:"<<pd<<" "<<"总册数:"<<sum<<" "<<"已借出:"<<ln<<endl;
    if(v1.size()!=0)
    {
        dispRecord();
    }
}
void Book::display1()
{
    cout<<"书号:"<<id<<" "<<"书名:"<<name<<" "<<"出版社:"<<press<<" "<<"出版日期:"<<pd<<" "<<"总册数:"<<sum<<" "<<"已借出:"<<ln<<endl;
}
class User
{
    int id;
    string name;
    string major;
    int mb,nb;//mb为最大借阅量，nb为当前借阅量
    int wj;//1为违纪过，此时无法借书；
    int i;
public:
    vector<Record>v2;
    vector<Record>::iterator it2;
    multimap<int,int>m2;//根据所借书的书号建立
    multimap<int,int>::iterator mit2;
    User(int a,string b,string c):id(a),name(b),major(c)
    {
        mb=10;nb=0;wj=0;i=v2.size();
    }
    User(){i=v2.size();}
    int getId(){return id;}
    string getName(){return name;}
    string getMajor(){return major;}

    int getmb(){return mb;}
    int getnb(){return nb;}
    int getwj(){return wj;}

    void setmb(int x){mb=x;}
    void setnb(int x){nb=x;}
    void setwj(){wj=1;mb=0;}

    void addRecord(Record r);
    void dispRecord();
    int search(int no);//通过书号查找
    void display();

    bool operator ==( User &u)
    {
        if(this->id==u.getId())
        return 1;
        else return 0;
    }
    User & operator =(User &u)
    {
        id=u.id;
        name=u.name;
        major=u.major;
        mb=u.mb;
        nb=u.nb;
        wj=u.wj;
        v2=u.v2;
        m2=u.m2;
    }
    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &out,User &u);
    friend istream& operator>>(istream &in,User &u);
};
ostream& operator<<(ostream &out,User &u)
{
    out<<u.id<<" "<<u.name<<" "<<u.major<<" "<<u.mb<<" "<<u.nb<<" "<<u.wj<<" "<<endl;
    if(u.v2.size()!=0)
    {
        out<<u.v2.size()<<endl;
        for(int i=0;i<u.v2.size();++i)
        {
            out<<u.v2[i];
            if(i!=u.v2.size()-1)
               out<<endl;
        }
    }
    else
        out<<u.v2.size();
    return out;
}
istream& operator>>(istream &in,User &u)
{

    in>>u.id>>u.name>>u.major>>u.mb>>u.nb>>u.wj>>u.i;
    int s=0;
    if(u.i!=0)
    {
        while(s!=u.i)
        {
            in>>u.v2[s];s++;
        }
    }
    return in;
}
void User::addRecord(Record r)
{
    int i;
    v2.push_back(r);
    i=v2.size();
    m2.insert(make_pair(r.getBid(),i-1));
}
void User::dispRecord()
{
    for(int i=0;i<v2.size();i++)
    {
        v2[i].display();
    }
}
int User::search(int no)
{
    mit2=m2.find(no);
    if(mit2!=m2.end())
    {
        return mit2->second;
    }
    else return -1;
}
void User::display()
{
    cout<<"学号:"<<id<<" "<<"姓名:"<<name<<" "<<"专业班级:"<<major<<" "<<"最大借阅量:"<<mb<<" "<<"当前借阅量:"<<nb<<" "<<"有无违纪:"<<wj<<endl;
    if(v2.size()!=0)
    {
        dispRecord();
    }
}
class Client
{
    User u;
    vector<Book>v3;
    vector<Book>::iterator it3;
    multimap<int,int>m3;
    multimap<int,int>::iterator mit3;

    vector<User>v;
    vector<User>::iterator it;
    multimap<int,int>m;
    multimap<int,int>::iterator mit;
public:
    Client(int x)
    {
        load1();
         load2(x);
    }
    ~Client()
    {
        save1();
         save2();
    }
    void load1();
    void save1();
    void load2(int x);
    void save2();
    void queryBook(int x);
    void borrow(int x,Date t);
    void back(int x);
    void displayu(){u.display();}
    void displayb(int x){mit3=m3.find(x); v3[mit3->second].display();}
};
void Client::load1()
{
    Book b;
    int i;
    ifstream infile("d:\\20171762book.txt",ios::in);
    if(!infile) return;
    while(infile>>b)
    {
        v3.push_back(b);
        i=v3.size();
        m3.insert(make_pair(b.getId(),i-1));
    }
    infile.close();
}
void Client::save1()
{
    ofstream outfile("d:\\20171762book.txt",ios::out);
    if(!outfile) return;
    for(int i=0;i<v3.size();i++)
    {
        outfile<<v3[i];
        outfile<<endl;
    }
    outfile.close();
}
void Client::load2(int x)
{
    User u;
    int i;
    ifstream infile("d:\\20171762stu.txt",ios::in);
    if(!infile) return;
    while(infile>>u)
    {
        v.push_back(u);
        i=v.size();
        m.insert(make_pair(u.getId(),i-1));
        if(x==u.getId())
        {
            this->u=u;
        }
    }
    infile.close();
}
void Client::save2()
{
    ofstream outfile("d:\\20171762stu.txt",ios::out);
    if(!outfile) return ;
    for(it=v.begin();it!=v.end();it++)
    {
        outfile<<*it;
        outfile<<endl;
    }
    outfile.close();
}
void Client::queryBook(int x)
{
    mit3=m3.find(x);
    if(mit3!=m3.end())
    {
        v3[mit3->second].display1();
    }
    else
        cout<<"未找到该书！"<<endl;
}
void Client::borrow(int x,Date t)
{
    mit3=m3.find(x);
    int i,j,k;
    i=mit3->second;
    j=v3[i].getLn();
    k=v3[i].getSum();
    if(u.getwj()==0&&j<k&&u.getnb()<u.getmb()&&mit3!=m3.end())
    {
        cout<<"借书成功！"<<endl;
        Record r(u.getId(),v3[i].getId(),t);
        u.addRecord(r);      mit=m.find(u.getId()); v[mit->second].addRecord(r);
        v3[i].addRecord(r);
        u.setnb(u.getnb()+1);                       v[mit->second].setnb(u.getnb());
        v3[i].setLn(j+1);
    }
    else
       cout<<"借书失败！"<<endl;
}
void Client::back(int x)
{
    mit3=m3.find(x);
    int s=u.v2.size();
    int flag=0;
    int i=mit3->second;
    int j=v3[i].getLn();
    if(s!=0)
    {
        for(int i=0;i<s;++i)
        {
            if(x==u.v2[i].getBid())
              flag=1;
        }
    }
    if(mit3!=m3.end()&&flag==1)
    {
        cout<<"还书成功！"<<endl;//用户的nb-1√   书的ln-1√  用户和书的借阅记录的sy变为1
        u.setnb(u.getnb()-1);   mit=m.find(u.getId());  v[mit->second].setnb(u.getnb());
        v3[i].setLn(j-1);
        v3[i].mit1=v3[i].m1.find(u.getId());  v3[i].v1[v3[i].mit1->second].setsy(1);
        u.mit2=u.m2.find(x);                  u.v2[u.mit2->second].setsy(1);
        int k=mit->second;
        v[k].mit2=v[k].m2.find(x);  v[k].v2[v[k].mit2->second].setsy(1);
    }
    else
        cout<<"还书失败！"<<endl;
}
class Manger
{
   vector<User>v4;
   vector<User>::iterator it4;
   multimap<int,int>m4;
   multimap<int,int>::iterator mit4;

   vector<Book>v5;
   vector<Book>::iterator it5;
   multimap<int,int>m5;
   multimap<int,int>::iterator mit5;
public:
   Manger()
   {
       load1();
       load2();
   }
   ~Manger()
   {
       save1();
       save2();
   }
   void load1();
   void load2();
   void save1();
   void save2();
   void addUser(User u);
   void addBook(Book b);
   void displayU(int x);
   void displayB(int x);
};
void Manger::load1()
{
    User u;
    int i;
    ifstream infile("d:\\20171762stu.txt",ios::in);
    if(!infile) return;
    v4.clear(); m4.clear();
    i=0;
    while(infile>>u)
    {
        v4.push_back(u);
        m4.insert(make_pair(u.getId(),i));
        i++;
    }
    infile.close();
}
void Manger::load2()
{
    Book b;
    int i;
    ifstream infile("d:\\20171762book.txt",ios::in);
    if(!infile)  return;
    v5.clear();m5.clear();
    i=0;
    while(infile>>b)
    {
        v5.push_back(b);
        m5.insert(make_pair(b.getId(),i));
        i++;
    }
    infile.close();
}
void Manger::save1()
{
    ofstream outfile("d:\\20171762stu.txt",ios::out);
    if(!outfile)  return;
    for(it4=v4.begin();it4!=v4.end();it4++)
    {
        outfile<<*it4;
        outfile<<endl;
    }
    outfile.close();
}
void Manger::save2()
{
    ofstream outfile("d:\\20171762book.txt",ios::out);
    if(!outfile)  return;
    for(it5=v5.begin();it5!=v5.end();it5++)
    {
        outfile<<*it5;
        outfile<<endl;
    }
    outfile.close();
}
void Manger::addUser(User u)
{
    int x;
    x=u.getId();
    mit4=m4.find(x);
    if(mit4!=m4.end())
    {
        cout<<"添加用户失败，该用户已存在！"<<endl;
    }
    else
    {
        cout<<"添加用户成功！"<<endl;
        int i;
        v4.push_back(u);
        i=v4.size();
        m4.insert(make_pair(u.getId(),i-1));
    }
}
void Manger::addBook(Book b)
{
    int x;
    x=b.getId();
    mit5=m5.find(x);
    if(mit5!=m5.end())
    {
        cout<<"添加图书失败，该图书已存在！"<<endl;
    }
    else
    {
        cout<<"添加图书成功！"<<endl;
        int i;
        v5.push_back(b);
        i=v5.size();
        m5.insert(make_pair(b.getId(),i-1));
    }
}
void Manger::displayU(int x)
{
    mit4=m4.find(x);
    v4[mit4->second].display();
}
void Manger::displayB(int x)
{
    mit5=m5.find(x);
    v5[mit5->second].display();
}
int main()
{
  //时间类测试
/*
  Date a(1999,4,27);
  Date b(2000,4,27);
  cout<<a<<endl;
  cout<<b<<endl;
  if(a<b) cout<<"a小于b";
                         */
  //记录类测试
/*
  Date t(1999,4,27);
  Record r(20171762,1,t);
  r.display();
  r.setE();
  r.setxj(1);
  r.setsy(1);
  r.display();
              */
  //图书类测试
/*
  Date t1(2015,8,6);
  Date t2(2018,6,7);
  Book b(1,"近代史纲要","高等教育出版社",t1,10,0);
  b.display();
  Record r(20171762,1,t2);
  b.addRecord(r);
  b.display();
              */
  //用户类测试
/*
  User u(20171762,"高开富","计算机3班");
  u.display();
  Date t(2018,6,7);
  Record r(20171762,1,t);
  u.addRecord(r);
  u.display();
              */
  //管理端测试

 /* Manger m;*/
/*
  User u1(20171762,"高开富","计算机3班");
  User u2(20171808,"徐晨松","计算机3班");//加用户
  m.addUser(u1);
  m.addUser(u2);*/
/*
  Date t1(2017,1,1);
  Date t2(2014,5,1);
  Book b1(1,"高等数学","人民邮电出版社",t1,10,0);
  Book b2(2,"解忧杂货店","南海出版社",t2,10,0);   //加书
  m.addBook(b1);
  m.addBook(b2);*/

  Client c(20171762);
  Date t(2018,6,14);
  c.borrow(1,t);                //借书
  c.back(1);                    //还书
}

心得体会：

1、通过这第一个程序设计，我第一次接触到了文件操作，遗憾的是第一次写出来后并没有调通，

总是会出现这样那样的问题，比如说有时程序会直接停止工作，第一次遇见这种情况我还是挺懵的

不知道该怎样改，最后我发现可以通过直接输出某些关键数据来定位自己出错的地方，然后再去分析

代码，把前后的逻辑关系整明白之后，这个错误才算是真正得到了解决

2、接下来我想谈一下自己对现在程序设计的一些想法吧，我总是觉得我们现在写的程序的实用性

几乎为零，只能仅仅作为菜鸟的练习题，距离实际应用真的是差的很远很远，所以，这个图书管理

系统不应该被放下，而应该不断地用新知识去完善它，使程序更加符合实际的要求