uva10491 Cows and Cars

In television contests, participants are often asked to choose one
from a set of or doors for example, one or several of which lead to
different prizes. In this problem we will deal with a speci c kind of
such a contest. Suppose you are given the following challenge by the
contest presenter: In front of you there are three doors. Two of them
hide a cow, the other one hides your prize - a car. After you choose a
door, but before you open it, I will give you an hint, by opening one
of the doors which hides a cow (I’ll never open the door you have
chosen, even if it hides a cow). You will then be able to choose if
you want to keep your choice, or if you wish to change to the other
unopened door. You will win whatever is behind the door you open. In
this example, the probability you have of winning the car is 2/3 (as
hard as it is to believe), assuming you always switch your choice when
the presenter gives you the opportunity to do so (after he shows you a
door with a cow). The reason of this number (2/3) is this - if you had
chosen one of the two cows, you would surely switch to the car, since
the presenter had shown you the other cow. If you had chosen the car,
you would switch to the remaining cow, therefore losing the prize.
Thus, in two out of three cases you would switch to the car. The
probability to win if you had chosen to stick with your initial choice
would obviously be only 1/3, but that isn’t important for this
problem. In this problem, you are to calculate the probability you
have of winning the car, for a generalization of the problem above:
The number of cows is variable The number of cars is variable
(number of cows + number of cars = total number of doors) The number
of doors hiding cows that the presenter opens for you is variable
(several doors may still be open when you are given the opportunity to
change your choice) You should assume that you always decide to switch
your choice to any other of the unopen doors after the presenter shows
you some doors with cows behind it. Input There are several test cases
for your program to process. Each test case consists of three integers
on a line, separated by whitespace. Each line has the following
format: NCOWSNCARSNSHOW Where NCOWS is the number of doors with cows,
NCARS is the number of doors with cars and NSHOW is the number of
doors the presenter opens for you before you choose to switch to
another unopen door. The limits for your program are: 1 NCOWS
10000 1 NCARS 10000 0 NSHOW< NCOWS Output For each of the test
cases, you are to output a line containing just one value - the
probability of winning the car assuming you switch to another unopen
door, displayed to 5 decimal places

a/(a+b) 【开始选到牛的概率】 * b/(a+b-c-1) 【开始选到牛的情况下最后选到车的概率】 + b/(a+b) 【开始选到车的概率】 * (b-1)/(a+b-c-1) 【开始选到车的情况下最后选到车的概率】
=b(a+b-1)/[(a+b)(a+b-c-1)]

#include<cstdio>
int main()
{
    double a,b,c;
    while (scanf("%lf%lf%lf",&a,&b,&c)==3)
      printf("%.5f\n",b*(a+b-1)/(a+b)/(a+b-c-1));
}