使用PLC的自动化制造系统——3、PLC硬件

 

3. PLC HARDWARE

3、 PLC硬件

Topics:

l         PLC hardware configurations

l         Input and outputs types

l         Electrical wiring for inputs and outputs

l         Relays

l         Electrical Ladder Diagrams and JIC wiring symbols

主题：

l         PLC的硬件配置

l         输入和输出类型

l         输入和输出的电气接线

l         继电器

l         电气梯形图及JIC接线符号

Objectives:

l         Be able to understand and design basic input and output wiring.

l         Be able to produce industrial wiring diagrams.

目标：

l          能够理解和设计的基本输入输出布线。

l          能够绘制工业接线图。

3.1 INTRODUCTION

3.1简介

Many PLC configurations are available, even from a single vendor. But, in each of these there are common components and concepts. The most essential components are:

Power Supply - This can be built into the PLC or be an external unit. Common voltage levels required by the PLC (with and without the power supply) are 24Vdc, 120Vac, 220Vac.

CPU (Central Processing Unit) - This is a computer where ladder logic is stored and processed.

I/O (Input/Output) - A number of input/output terminals must be provided so that the PLC can monitor the process and initiate actions.

Indicator lights - These indicate the status of the PLC including power on, program running, and a fault. These are essential when diagnosing problems.

 

许多PLC的配置齐备，即使从单一供应商。但是，这里有些共同的组件和概念。最重要的组成部分是：

电源-这可以是PLC内置的或外部的单元。通用的电压等级取决于PLC的需要（带或不带电源）为24Vdc，120Vac，220Vac。

CPU（中央处理单元）-这是梯形逻辑存储和处理的计算机。

I/O（输入/输出）-必须提供若干输入/输出端子，使PLC可以监控进程，并发出动作。

指示灯-指示PLC的状态，包括电源，程序运行和故障。这些是诊断问题的时候必不可少的。

The configuration of the PLC refers to the packaging of the components. Typical configurations are listed below from largest to smallest as shown in Figure 3.1.

Rack - A rack is often large (up to 18” by 30” by 10”) and can hold multiple cards. When necessary, multiple racks can be connected together. These tend to be the highest cost, but also the most flexible and easy to maintain.

Mini - These are smaller than full sized PLC racks, but can have the same IO capacity.

Micro - These units can be as small as a deck of cards. They tend to have fixed quantities of I/O and limited abilities, but costs will be the lowest.

Software - A software based PLC requires a computer with an interface card, but allows the PLC to be connected to sensors and other PLCs across a network.

PLC的配置是指组件的包装。下面列出典型的配置，从最大到最小，如图3.1所示。

机架-机架往往很大（高达18英寸到30英寸到10英寸），可容纳多个模块。 必要时，多个机架可以连接在一起。这些往往成本最高，但是最灵活，易于维护。

迷你-它小于全尺寸机架式PLC，但可以有相同的I/O能力。

微小-这些装置可以像一副纸牌小。他们往往有固定数目的I/O点数和有限的能力，但成本将是最低的。

软件-基于PLC的软件需要与计算机的一个接口卡，但允许PLC通过网络连接到传感器和其它PLC。