使用PLC的自动化制造系统——3.3继电器

3.3RELAYS

3.3继电器

Although relays are rarely used for control logic, they are still essential for switching large power loads. Some important terminology for relays is given below.

虽然继电器很少为逻辑控制使用，但它们在需要大量功率负载切换开关时仍然是必不可少的。一些重要的继电器术语如下。

Contactor - Special relays for switching large current loads.

Motor Starter - Basically a contactor in series with an overload relay to cut off when too much current is drawn.

Arc Suppression - when any relay is opened or closed an arc will jump. This becomes a major problem with large relays. On relays switching AC this problem can be overcome by opening the relay when the voltage goes to zero (while crossing between negative and positive). When switching DC loads this problem can be minimized by blowing pressurized gas across during opening to suppress the arc formation.

AC coils - If a normal coil is driven by AC power the contacts will vibrate open and closed at the frequency of the AC power. This problem is overcome by relay manufacturers by adding a shading pole to the internal construction of the relay.

接触器—开关大电流的负载的特殊继电器。

电动机起动-基本上是一个与过载继电器串联的接触器，当过大的电流通过时切断。

弧线—当任何继电器打开或关闭将产生一个电弧。这成为大继电器的一个主要问题。当继电器开关交流电时，这个问题可以通过在电压将为零时打开继电器来克服（当直接穿过正负极）。当开关直流电时，这个问题可以通过在打开继电器时释放压力气体，抑制电弧的形成来尽量减少。

交流线圈—如果一个普通线圈是由交流电源驱动，触点会以交流电源的频率做打开关闭的振动。这个问题是通过继电器制造商在继电器内部构造增加一个屏蔽极来克服的。

The most important consideration when selecting relays, or relay outputs on a PLC, is the rated current and voltage. If the rated voltage is exceeded, the contacts will wear out prematurely, or if the voltage is too high fire is possible. The rated current is the maximum current that should be used. When this is exceeded the device will become too hot, and it will fail sooner. The rated values are typically given for both AC and DC, although DC ratings are lower than AC. If the actual loads used are below the rated values the relays should work well indefinitely. If the values are exceeded a small amount the life of the relay will be shortened accordingly. Exceeding the values significantly may lead to immediate failure and permanent damage. Please note that relays may also include minimum ratings that should also be observed to ensure proper operation and long life.

选择一个继电器或PLC上的继电器输出，最重要的考虑是额定电流和电压。如果超出额定电压，触头会过早的磨损，或者如果电压过高，可能会着火。额定电流是应该使用的最大电流。当超出这一值，设备将变得过于热，它很快会损坏。额定值通常会给出交流和直流，尽管直流的等级低于交流。如果实际使用的载荷低于额定值，该继电器应该是可以工作下去。如果超过了少许，继电器的寿命将相应缩短。大大超过了值可能导致紧急故障和永久性的损害。请注意，继电器可能还包括最低值，也应得到遵守，以确保正常运作，长的使用寿命。

• Rated Voltage - The suggested operation voltage for the coil. Lower levels can result in failure to operate, voltages above shorten life.

• Rated Current - The maximum current before contact damage occurs (welding or melting).

•额定电压—是对于线圈建议的工作电压。低于此等级可能导致无法操作，高于此电压降缩短寿命。

•额定电流—在触点损坏前的最大电流（焊接或熔化）。