Porting U-boot for SPEAr310(arm926) --- 1

 关键词：U-Boot; 移植; arm926ejs; SPEAr310

 

SPEAr310简介

SPEAr3xx是ST ARM926EJ-S核，集成丰富外设的MPU，其针对Ethernet运用的型号为SPEAr310，功能列表如下：

Main Features

The following main functionalities are implemented in SPEAr310 embedded MPU device :

● ARM926EJ-S core @333 MHz, 16+16 KB-I/D cache, configurable TCM-I/D size, MMU,

TLB, JTAG and ETM trace module (multiplexed interfaces).

● Dynamic power saving features.

● High performance linked list 8-channel DMA.

● Multi-port memory controller: 8/16 bit mobileDDR@166 MHz or DDR2@333 MHz.

● 2 x USB2.0 Host (High-Full-Low speed); integrated PHY transceiver.

● USB2.0 Device (High-Full-Low speed); integrated PHY transceiver.

● Ethernet 10/100 MAC with MII Interface (IEEE-802.3)

● I2C (High-Fast-Low speed) Master/Slave.

● Cryptographic co-processor (C3)

● IrDA controller with a data rate from 9.6 Kbps to 4 Mbps.

● Touchscreen support (using ADC).

● RTC - WDT - SYSCTR - MISC internal control registers.

● ADC (1us/1MSPS) 8 analog input channels; 10 bit resolution.

● JPEG codec accelerator single clock per pixel encoding decoding.

● 6 x 16 bits general purpose Timers with programmable prescaler (only 4 timers with

capture mode).

● 32KB ROM & up to 8 KB internal SRAM

● Flexible static memory controller (FSMC) up to 16-bit data bus width, supporting NAND

Flash

● 6 x UARTs (UART0 baud rate upto 3 Mbps, UART1..5 baud rate up to 5 Mbps)

● External Memory Interface (EMI) with 8/16 / 32 bit NOR Flash interface feature

● 4 x Ethernet MAC 10/100 Mbps (SMII PHY interface).

● 1 x SSP Master/Slave (Motorola SPI-Texas-National) up to 40 Mbps.

● TDM/E1 HDLC 128 bits 8 Mbps(TDM) / 32bits 2 Mbps (E1)

● 2 x RS485 HDLC 3.88 Mbps.

● Boundary scan.

● JTAG (IEEE1149.1) interface.

● ETM9 interface and Embedded ICE-RT

● Possible NAND Flash booting

● Up to 102 GPIOs with interrupt capability.

 

U-boot资源

官方手册：http://www.denx.de/wiki/DULG/Manual；

源码：ftp://ftp.denx.de/pub/u-boot/；

 

U-boot开发环境

硬件由宿主机、目标板和调试器组成。宿主机需要建立嵌入式Linux开发环境，包括安装linux系统；安装交叉开发工具链(cross-develop-tools，其中cross-compiler-tools要与目标CPU类型一致)；宿主机网络等参数配置。

通常宿主机的linux系统在Window下的VmWare虚拟机安装运行，常用的PC linuxOS为Fedora和ubuntu。

注意：linuxOS要用完整版本安装，一定要选择所有开发组件。

Fedora：http://fedoraproject.org/zh_CN/get-fedora-all；(i386 - 安装DVD)

 

SPEAr310启动流程

通过boot-mode管脚选择从PNor/SNor/Nand Flash或USB启动，我简述Snor Flash启动。

ROM：SNor Flash，start-addr=0xf8000000，size=8MB/16MB；

RAM：DDR2，start-addr=0x0，size=64MB/128MB；

 

上电后启动流程

step1:

0xFFFF0000: BootROM

BootROM initializes SMI or NOR Flash or USB device port for update.

Load Xloader to internal RAM and jump to its entry.

step2:

0xD2800B00: XLoader

Xloader initializes PLLs and DDR.

Load U-Boot to external RAM and jump to its entry.

step3:

LoadAddr: U-Boot

U-Boot initializes Ethernet and other peripherals, also run a monitor.

Load Linux Kernel to DDR and jump to

step4:

run Linux Kernel

 

执行文件在ROM中的位置：

BootROM固化在MPU内部不可修改；XLoader.bin存放于SNor Flash Sector0(0xF8000000~0xF800FFFF)，由BootROM加载于RAM 0xD2800000，Entry=0xD2800B00；

XLoader初始化Flash，DDR，加载bootloader，跳转执行；可编码实现加载U-boot或 Vx的BootRom；

u-boot.img存放于SNor Flash Sector1-4(0xF8010000~0xF803FFFF)，由XLoader加载至RAM运行；

 

开发环境

WindowsXP，VMware7.1.0+Fedora11(推荐Fedora12)，PC内存2G以上，否则太慢；

VMware网络连接为bridges模式；

 

可从ST 获取开发包，开发包包含Xloader、u-boot、linux kernel源代码和所需交叉开发工具。安装ST 开发包至指定目录即可.

开发包安装

1、下载软件包

ftp://www.stlinux.com/pub/stlinux/2.3/iso/STLinux-2.3-spear-20100601.iso

user: anonymous

2、挂载ISO文件

将文件STLinux-2.3-spear-20100601.iso挂载至/media/cdrom：

# mount -o loop,ro -t iso9660 -r /home/hsy/ STLinux-2.3-spear-20100601.iso  /media/cdrom

3、安装

以root用户安装

# cd /media/cdrom

# chmod +x intall

# ./install all-arm-spear

Spear开发包安装至/opt/STM/STLinux-2.3

4、u-boot for spear源代码

xloader路径：/opt/STM/STLinux-2.3/devkit/sources/xloader-spear

u-boot路径：/opt/STM/STLinux-2.3/devkit/sources/u-boot

kernel路径：/opt/STM/STLinux-2.3/devkit/sources/kernel

rootfs路径：/opt/STM/STLinux-2.3/devkit/sources/rootfs-2.1

在local目录下建立符号连接，方便操作，如’st-xloader-rc’指向xloader-spear的项目目录’：

# ln -s /opt/STM/STLinux-2.3/devkit/sources/xloader-spear/xloader-arm-spear-rc st-xloader-rc

5、交叉编译器

位于/opt/STM/STLinux-2.3/devkit/arm/bin

需要在主机上对环境变量进行设置，命令如下：

# export PATH=$PATH:.:/opt/STM/STLinux-2.3/devkit/arm/bin

# export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux

6、编译连接

进入xloader for spear根目录：

# cd /opt/STM/STLinux-2.3/devkit/sources/xloader-arm-spear/

make命令，生成适用于SPEAr310的xloader_image.bin(带有elf头)：

# make clean

# make SOC=SPR310 DDRFREQ=333 DDRSIZE=128M

进入u-boot for spear根目录：

# cd /opt/STM/STLinux-2.3/devkit/sources/u-boot/u-boot-arm-spear-1.3.1_stm23_005

make命令，生成ROM为SNOR Flash的u-boot执行文件：

# make mrproper; make spear310_config; make ENV=SNOR FLASH=SNOR