使用systemd挂载文件系统

文章目录

一、挂载本地磁盘
二、挂载网络文件系统
三、自动挂载
四、开启关停
五、重要事项：

为什么使用systemd来挂载文件系统而不使用fstab？使用fstab的时候如果设备被移除会导致系统启动失败，无法进入系统（只能进入临时修复系统），systemd则没有这个问题。

一、挂载本地磁盘

#vim /etc/systemd/system/xxx-xxx.mount

以下为配置内容:

[Unit]
 
Description = mount disk
 
[Mount]
 
What = /dev/sdb4
 
Where = /mnt/data
 
Type = ext4
 
Options = defaults
 
[Install]
 
WantedBy = local-fs.target

二、挂载网络文件系统

#vim /etc/systemd/system/xxx-xxx.mount

[Unit]
 
Description = Mount NFS disk
 
[Mount]
 
What = nfs.example.com:/export/scratch
 
Where = /mnt/data/nfs
 
Type = nfs
 
Options = defaults
 
[Install]
 
WantedBy = multi-user.target

三、自动挂载

#vim /etc/systemd/system/xxx-xxx-xxx.automount

[Unit]
 
Description = Auto Mount NFS disk
 
[Automount]
 
Where = /mnt/data/nfs
 
[Install]
 
WantedBy = multi-user.target

四、开启关停

# systemctl start xxx-xxx-xxx.mount
# systemctl stop xxx-xxx-xxx.mount
# systemctl disable xxx-xxx-xxx.mount
# systemctl statu xxx-xxx-xxx.mount
 
如果使用automount，则必须使用：
# systemctl enable xxx-xxx-xxx.automount
 
没用使用automount，则使用：
# systemctl enable xxx-xxx-xxx.mount



# systemctl is-enabled mnt-scratch.mount
 
disabled
 
# systemctl is-enabled mnt-scratch.automount
 
enabled
 
# systemctl start mnt-scratch.automount
 
# ls /mnt/scratch >/dev/null
 
# systemctl status mnt-scratch.automount
 
● mnt-scratch.automount - Automount Scratch
 
Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/mnt-scratch.automount; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
 
Active: active (running) since Mon 2016-04-18 10:49:04 CEST; 4h 33min ago
 
Where: /mnt/scratch
 
Apr 18 10:49:04 oat systemd[1]: Set up automount Automount Scratch.
 
Apr 18 10:49:14 oat systemd[1]: mnt-scratch.automount: Got automount request for /mnt/scratch, triggered by 20266 (zsh)
 
# systemctl status mnt-scratch.mount
 
● mnt-scratch.mount - Scratch
 
Loaded: loaded (/proc/self/mountinfo; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
 
Active: active (mounted) since Mon 2016-04-18 10:49:16 CEST; 4h 33min ago
 
Where: /mnt/scratch
 
What: nfs.example.com:/export/scratch
 
Apr 18 10:49:14 oat systemd[1]: Mounting Scratch...
 
Apr 18 10:49:16 oat systemd[1]: Mounted Scratch.

五、重要事项：

（以下内容非常重要，可能直接导致挂载失败。）

mount文件名称必须要与你挂载路径一致，把路径里的「/」换成「 -」，例如本例要挂的目录为/mnt/data，则文件名称必须为mnt-data.mount。可以多层目录如xxx-xxx-xxx.mount。
如果挂载nfs的话需要安装nfs客户端：

服务器端：
$sudo apt install nfs-kernel-server
$sudo apt install portmap(如果安装上一个，可以不用执行此操作)
 
客户端：
#apt install nfs-common

Automatic mounts with systemd：
https://blog.tomecek.net/post/automount-with-systemd/

Systemd target mount automount介绍：
https://codingbee.net/rhcsa/rhcsa-understanding-systemd