Oracle 11G安装前题
Checking the Hardware Requirements
The system must meet the following minimum hardware requirements:
• Memory Requirements
• System Architecture
• Disk Space Requirements
3.1 Memory Requirements
The following are the memory requirements for installing Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2):
• Minimum: 1 GB of RAM
Recommended: 2 GB of RAM or more
To determine the RAM size, enter the following command:
grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
If the size of the RAM is less than the required size, then you must install more memory before continuing.
• The following table describes the relationship between installed RAM and the configured swap space recommendation:
Note:
On Linux, the HugePages feature allocates non-swappable memory for large page tables using memory-mapped files. If you enable HugePages, then you should deduct the memory allocated to HugePages from the available RAM before calculating swap space.
Available RAM Swap Space Required
Between 1 GB and 2 GB 1.5 times the size of the RAM
Between 2 GB and 16 GB Equal to the size of the RAM
More than 16 GB 16 GB
• To determine whether the system architecture can run the software, enter the following command:
• # uname -m
Note:
This command displays the processor type. Verify that the processor architecture matches the Oracle software release to install. If you do not see the expected output, then you cannot install the software on this system.
To determine the size of the configured swap space, enter the following command:
grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
If necessary, refer to the operating system documentation for information about how to configure additional swap space.
To determine the available RAM and swap space, enter the following command:
free
Note:
• Oracle recommends that you take multiple values for the available RAM and swap space before finalizing a value. This is because the available RAM and swap space keep changing depending on the user interactions with the computer.
• Contact your operating system vendor for swap space allocation guidance for your server. The vendor guidelines supersede the swap space requirements listed in this guide.
Automatic Memory Management
Starting with Oracle Database 11g, the Automatic Memory Management feature requires more shared memory (/dev/shm)and file descriptors. The shared memory should be sized to be at least the greater of MEMORY_MAX_TARGET and MEMORY_TARGET for each Oracle instance on that computer.
To determine the amount of shared memory available, enter the following command:
df -h /dev/shm/
Note:
MEMORY_MAX_TARGET and MEMORY_TARGET cannot be used when LOCK_SGA is enabled or with HugePages on Linux.
3.2 System Architecture
To determine whether the system architecture can run the software, enter the following command:
uname -m
Note:
This command displays the processor type. Verify that the processor architecture matches the Oracle software release to install. If you do not see the expected output, then you cannot install the software on this system.
3.3 Disk Space Requirements
The following are the disk space requirements for installing Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2):
• At least 1 GB of disk space in the /tmp directory
To determine the amount of disk space available in the /tmp directory, enter the following command:
df -h /tmp
If there is less than 1 GB of free disk space available in the /tmp directory, then complete one of the following steps:
o Delete unnecessary files from the /tmp directory to meet the disk space requirement.
o Set the TMP and TMPDIR environment variables when setting the oracle user’s environment.
See Also:
“Configuring the oracle User’s Environment” for more information about setting TMP and TMPDIR
o Extend the file system that contains the /tmp directory. If necessary, contact the system administrator for information about extending file systems.
• To determine the amount of free disk space on the system, enter the following command:
• # df -h
• The following tables describe the disk space requirements for software files, and data files for each installation type on Linux x86-64:
Installation Type Requirement for Software Files (GB)
Enterprise Edition 4.7
Standard Edition 4.6
•
Installation Type Requirement for Data Files (GB)
Enterprise Edition 1.7
Standard Edition 1.5
•
• Additional disk space, either on a file system or on an Oracle Automatic Storage Management disk group is required for the fast recovery area if you choose to configure automated backups.
4 Checking the Software Requirements
Depending on the products that you intend to install, verify that the following softwares are installed on the system.
• Operating System Requirements
• Kernel Requirements
• Package Requirements
• Compiler Requirements
• Additional Software Requirements
Note:
Oracle Universal Installer performs checks on the system to verify that it meets the listed requirements. To ensure that these checks pass, verify the requirements before you start Oracle Universal Installer.
Note:
The platform-specific hardware and software requirements included in this guide were current when this guide was published. However, because new platforms and operating system software versions might be certified after this guide is published, review the certification matrix on the My Oracle Support website for the most up-to-date list of certified hardware platforms and operating system versions:
https://support.oracle.com/
4.1 Operating System Requirements
The following or later versions of the operating system are required for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2):
Note:
• Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.4), Oracle Linux 7 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 are supported on Linux x86-64.
• Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.3), Oracle Linux 6 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 are supported on Linux x86 and Linux x86-64.
• Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.3), Asianux 4 is supported on Linux x86 and Linux x86-64.
• Asianux Server 3 SP2
• Asianux Server 4 SP3
• Oracle Linux 4 Update 7
• Oracle Linux 5 Update 2 (with Red Hat Compatible Kernel)
• Oracle Linux 5 Update 5
• Oracle Linux 6
• Oracle Linux 6 (with Red Hat Compatible Kernel)
• Oracle Linux 7
• Oracle Linux 7 (with the Red Hat Compatible Kernel)
• Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 Update 7
• Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Update 2
• Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
• Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
• SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 SP2
• SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11
• SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP1
• NeoKylin Linux Advanced Server 6
Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2), the Security Enhanced Linux (SE Linux) feature is supported for Oracle Linux 4, Oracle Linux 5, Oracle Linux 6, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.
To determine the distribution and version of Linux installed, enter the following command:
cat /proc/version
4.2 Kernel Requirements
The following are the kernel requirements for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2):
• On Oracle Linux 4 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4
2.6.9 or later
• On Oracle Linux 5 Update 2 with Red Hat Compatible Kernel
2.6.18 or later
• On Oracle Linux 5 Update 5 with Red Hat Compatible Kernel
2.6.18 or later
• On Oracle Linux 5 Update 5 with Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel
2.6.32-100.0.19 or later
• On Oracle Linux 6
2.6.32-100.28.5.el6.x86_64 or later
• On Oracle Linux 6 with Red Hat Compatible Kernel
2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64 or later
• On Oracle Linux 7
3.8.13-33.el7uek.x86_64 or later
• On Oracle Linux 7 with Red Hat Compatible Kernel
3.10.0-54.0.1.el7.x86_64 or later
• On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Update 2
2.6.18 or later
• On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Update 5
2.6.18 or later
• On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64 or later
• On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
3.10.0-54.0.1.el7.x86_64 or later
• On Asianux Server 3
2.6.18 or later
• On Asianux Server 4
2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64 or later
• On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10
2.6.16.21 or later
• On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11
2.6.27.19 or later
• On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12
3.12.49-11 or later
• On NeoKylin Linux Advanced Server 6
2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 or later
See Also:
“About Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Linux” section in Oracle Database Installation Guide for Linux
To determine whether the required kernel is installed, enter the following command:
uname -r
The following is a sample output displayed by running this command on an Oracle Linux 5.0 system:
2.6.18-128.el5PAE
In this example, the output shows the kernel version (2.6.18) and errata level (-128.el5PAE) on the system.
If the kernel version does not meet the requirement specified earlier in this section, then contact the operating system vendor for information about obtaining and installing kernel updates.
4.3 Package Requirements
The following are the list of packages required for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2):
Note:
• Oracle recommends that you install your Linux operating system with the default software packages (RPMs), unless you specifically intend to perform a minimal installation, and follow the directions for performing such an installation to ensure that you have all required packages for Oracle software.
• Oracle recommends that you do not customize RPMs during a default operating system installation. A default installation includes most required packages, and helps you to limit manual checks of package dependencies.
• If you did not perform a default Linux installation, you intend to use LDAP, and you want to use the scripts odisrvreg, oidca, or schemasync, then install the Korn shell RPM for your Linux distribution.
• You must install the packages (or later versions) listed in the following table. Also, ensure that the list of RPMs and all the prerequisites for these RPMs are installed.
• If you are using Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel, then all required kernel packages are installed as part of the Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel installation.
• For Orace Linux 6 the Oracle Validated RPM has been replaced by the Oracle RDBMS Server 11gR2 Pre-install RPM. See the “Completing a Minimal Linux Installation” section in Oracle Database Installation Guide.
Note:
Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.2), all the 32-bit packages, except for gcc-32bit-4.3, listed in the following table are no longer required for installing a database on Linux x86-64. Only the 64-bit packages are required.
However, for any Oracle Database 11g release before 11.2.0.2, both the 32-bit and 64-bit packages listed in the following table are required.
• The following or later version of packages for Oracle Linux 4 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 must be installed:
• binutils-2.15.92.0.2
• compat-libstdc+±33-3.2.3
• compat-libstdc+±33-3.2.3 (32 bit)
• elfutils-libelf-0.97
• elfutils-libelf-devel-0.97
• expat-1.95.7
• gcc-3.4.6
• gcc-c+±3.4.6
• glibc-2.3.4-2.41
• glibc-2.3.4-2.41 (32 bit)
• glibc-common-2.3.4
• glibc-devel-2.3.4
• glibc-headers-2.3.4
• libaio-0.3.105
• libaio-0.3.105 (32 bit)
• libaio-devel-0.3.105
• libaio-devel-0.3.105 (32 bit)
• libgcc-3.4.6
• libgcc-3.4.6 (32-bit)
• libstdc+±3.4.6
• libstdc+±3.4.6 (32 bit)
• libstdc+±devel 3.4.6
• make-3.80
• numactl-0.6.4.x86_64
• pdksh-5.2.14
• sysstat-5.0.5
• The following or later version of packages for Oracle Linux 5, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, and Asianux Server 3 must be installed:
• binutils-2.17.50.0.6
• compat-libstdc+±33-3.2.3
• compat-libstdc+±33-3.2.3 (32 bit)
• elfutils-libelf-0.125
• elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125
• gcc-4.1.2
• gcc-c+±4.1.2
• glibc-2.5-24
• glibc-2.5-24 (32 bit)
• glibc-common-2.5
• glibc-devel-2.5
• glibc-devel-2.5 (32 bit)
• glibc-headers-2.5
• ksh-20060214
• libaio-0.3.106
• libaio-0.3.106 (32 bit)
• libaio-devel-0.3.106
• libaio-devel-0.3.106 (32 bit)
• libgcc-4.1.2
• libgcc-4.1.2 (32 bit)
• libstdc+±4.1.2
• libstdc+±4.1.2 (32 bit)
• libstdc+±devel-4.1.2
• make-3.81
• sysstat-7.0.2
• The following or later version of packages for Oracle Linux 6, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6, and Asianux Server 4 must be installed:
• binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.11.el6 (x86_64)
• compat-libcap1-1.10-1 (x86_64)
• compat-libstdc+±33-3.2.3-69.el6 (x86_64)
• compat-libstdc+±33-3.2.3-69.el6.i686
• gcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
• gcc-c+±4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
• glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (i686)
• glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
• glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
• glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6.i686
• ksh
• libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686)
• libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
• libstdc+±4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
• libstdc+±4.4.4-13.el6.i686
• libstdc+±devel-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
• libstdc+±devel-4.4.4-13.el6.i686
• libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
• libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.i686
• libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
• libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.i686
• make-3.81-19.el6
• sysstat-9.0.4-11.el6 (x86_64)
• The following or later version of packages for Oracle Linux 7, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 must be installed:
• binutils-2.23.52.0.1-12.el7.x86_64
• compat-libcap1-1.10-3.el7.x86_64
• compat-libstdc+±33-3.2.3-71.el7.i686
• compat-libstdc+±33-3.2.3-71.el7.x86_64
• gcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
• gcc-c+±4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
• glibc-2.17-36.el7.i686
• glibc-2.17-36.el7.x86_64
• glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.i686
• glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.x86_64
• ksh
• libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.i686
• libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64
• libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.i686
• libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64
• libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.i686
• libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
• libstdc+±4.8.2-3.el7.i686
• libstdc+±4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
• libstdc+±devel-4.8.2-3.el7.i686
• libstdc+±devel-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
• libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.i686
• libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.x86_64
• libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.i686
• libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.x86_64
• make-3.82-19.el7.x86_64
• sysstat-10.1.5-1.el7.x86_64
• The following or later version of packages for SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 must be installed:
• binutils-2.16.91.0.5
• compat-libstdc+±5.0.7
• gcc-4.1.0
• gcc-c+±4.1.2
• glibc-2.4-31.63
• glibc-devel-2.4-31.63
• glibc-devel-32bit-2.4-31.63
• ksh-93r-12.9
• libaio-0.3.104
• libaio-32bit-0.3.104
• libaio-devel-0.3.104
• libaio-devel-32bit-0.3.104
• libelf-0.8.5
• libgcc-4.1.2
• libstdc+±4.1.2
• libstdc+±devel-4.1.2
• make-3.80
• numactl-0.9.6.x86_64
• sysstat-8.0.4
• The following or later version of packages for SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 must be installed:
• binutils-2.19
• gcc-4.3
• gcc-32bit-4.3
• gcc-c+±4.3
• glibc-2.9
• glibc-32bit-2.9
• glibc-devel-2.9
• glibc-devel-32bit-2.9
• ksh-93t
• libaio-0.3.104
• libaio-32bit-0.3.104
• libaio-devel-0.3.104
• libaio-devel-32bit-0.3.104
• libstdc++33-3.3.3
• libstdc++33-32bit-3.3.3
• libstdc++43-4.3.3_20081022
• libstdc++43-32bit-4.3.3_20081022
• libstdc++43-devel-4.3.3_20081022
• libstdc++43-devel-32bit-4.3.3_20081022
• libgcc43-4.3.3_20081022
• libstdc+±devel-4.3
• make-3.81
• sysstat-8.1.5
• The following or later version of packages for SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12: must be installed:
• binutils-2.25.0-13.1
• gcc-4.8-6.189
• gcc48-4.8.5-24.1
• glibc-2.19-31.9
• glibc-32bit-2.19-31.9
• glibc-devel-2.19-31.9.x86_64
• glibc-devel-32bit-2.19-31.9.x86_64
• libaio1-0.3.109-17.15
• libaio-devel-0.3.109-17.15
• libcap1-1.10-59.61
• libstdc++48-devel-4.8.5-24.1.x86_64
• libstdc++48-devel-32bit-4.8.5-24.1.x86_64
• libstdc++6-5.2.1+r226025-4.1.x86_64
• libstdc++6-32bit-5.2.1+r226025-4.1.x86_64
• libstdc+±devel-4.8-6.189.x86_64
• libstdc+±devel-32bit-4.8-6.189.x86_64
• libgcc_s1-5.2.1+r226025-4.1.x86_64
• libgcc_s1-32bit-5.2.1+r226025-4.1.x86_64
• mksh-50-2.13
• make-4.0-4.1.x86_64
• sysstat-10.2.1-3.1.x86_64
• xorg-x11-driver-video-7.6_1-14.30.x86_64
• xorg-x11-server-7.6_1.15.2-36.21.x86_64
• xorg-x11-essentials-7.6_1-14.17.noarch
• xorg-x11-Xvnc-1.4.3-7.2.x86_64
• xorg-x11-fonts-core-7.6-29.45.noarch
• xorg-x11-7.6_1-14.17.noarch
• xorg-x11-server-extra-7.6_1.15.2-36.21.x86_64
• xorg-x11-libs-7.6-45.14.noarch
• xorg-x11-fonts-7.6-29.45.noarch
Note:
You must download and install patch 18370031. For more information about how to download and install this patch, see:
https://support.oracle.com/
Oracle Database Client Installation Guide for Linux
• The following or later version of packages for NeoKylin Linux Advanced Server 6 must be installed:
• binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.36.el6 (x86_64)
• compat-libcap1-1.10-1 (x86_64)
• compat-libstdc+±33-3.2.3-69.el6 (x86_64)
• compat-libstdc+±33-3.2.3-69.el6 (i686)
• gcc-4.4.7-4.el6 (x86_64)
• gcc-c+±4.4.7-4.el6 (x86_64)
• glibc-2.12-1.132.el6 (i686)
• glibc-2.12-1.132.el6 (x86_64)
• glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6 (x86_64)
• glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6 (i686)
• ksh
• libgcc-4.4.7-4.el6 (i686)
• libgcc-4.4.7-4.el6 (x86_64)
• libstdc+±4.4.7-4.el6 (x86_64)
• libstdc+±4.4.7-4.el6 (i686)
• libstdc+±devel-4.4.7-4.el6 (x86_64)
• libstdc+±devel-4.4.7-4.el6 (i686)
• libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
• libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (i686)
• libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
• libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (i686)
• make-3.81-20.el6
• sysstat-9.0.4-22.el6 (x86_64)
To determine whether the required packages are installed, enter commands similar to the following:
rpm -q package_name
If a package is not installed, then install it from the Linux distribution media or download the required package version from the Linux vendor’s website.
4.4 Compiler Requirements
Intel C++ Compiler 10.1 or later and the version of GNU C and C++ compilers listed under “Package Requirements” are supported with these products.
Note:
Intel Compiler v10.1 can be used only with the standard template libraries of the gcc versions mentioned in the Package Requirements section, to build Oracle C++ Call Interface (OCCI) applications.
Oracle XML Developer’s Kit is supported with the same compilers as OCCI.
4.5 Additional Software Requirements
Depending on the components you want to use, you must ensure that the following software are installed:
• Oracle ODBC Drivers
• Oracle JDBC/OCI Drivers
• Linux-PAM Library
• Oracle Messaging Gateway
• Programming Languages
• Browser Requirements
4.5.1 Oracle ODBC Drivers
You should install ODBC Driver Manager for UNIX. You can download and install the Driver Manager from the following URL:
http://www.unixodbc.org
To use ODBC, you must also install the following additional ODBC RPMs, depending on your operating sytem:
• On Oracle Linux 4 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4:
o unixODBC-2.2.11 (32-bit) or later
o unixODBC-devel-2.2.11 (64-bit) or later
o unixODBC-2.2.11 (64-bit) or later
• On Oracle Linux 5, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, and Asianux Server 3:
o unixODBC-2.2.11 (32-bit) or later
o unixODBC-devel-2.2.11 (64-bit) or later
o unixODBC-2.2.11 (64-bit) or later
• On Oracle Linux 6, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6, and Asianux Server 4:
o unixODBC-2.2.14-11.el6 (x86_64) or later
o unixODBC-2.2.14-11.el6.i686 or later
o unixODBC-devel-2.2.14-11.el6 (x86_64) or later
o unixODBC-devel-2.2.14-11.el6.i686 or later
• On Oracle Linux 7, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7:
o unixODBC-2.3.1-6.el7.x86_64 or later
o unixODBC-2.3.1-6.el7.i686 or later
o unixODBC-devel-2.3.1-6.el7.x86_64 or later
o unixODBC-devel-2.3.1-6.el7.i686 or later
• On SUSE 10:
o unixODBC-32 bit-2.2.11 (32-bit) or later
o unixODBC-2.2.11 (64-bit) or later
o unixODBC-devel-2.2.11 (64-bit) or later
• On SUSE 11:
o unixODBC-2.2.12 or later
o unixODBC-devel-2.2.12 or later
o unixODBC-32bit-2.2.12 (32-bit) or later
4.5.2 Oracle JDBC/OCI Drivers
Use JDK 6 (Java SE Development Kit 1.6.0_21) or JDK 5 (1.5.0_24) with the JNDI extension with the Oracle Java Database Connectivity and Oracle Call Interface drivers. However, these are not mandatory for the database installation. Note that IBM JDK 1.5 is installed with this release.
4.5.3 Linux-PAM Library
Install the latest Linux-PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules for Linux) library to enable the system administrator to choose how applications authenticate users.
4.5.4 Oracle Messaging Gateway
Oracle Messaging Gateway supports the integration of Oracle Streams Advanced Queuing (AQ) with the following software:
• IBM WebSphere MQ V7.0, client and server:
• MQSeriesClient
• MQSeriesServer
• MQSeriesRuntime
• TIBCO Rendezvous 7.3
If you require a CSD for WebSphere MQ, then refer to the IBM website for download and installation information:
http://www.ibm.com/
4.5.5 Programming Languages
The following products are certified for use with:
• Pro* COBOL
Micro Focus Server Express 5.1
4.5.6 Browser Requirements
You do not require a web browser to install Oracle Database. However, browsers are required to access documentation, and if you intend to use Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control and Oracle Application Express. Web browsers must support JavaScript, and the HTML 4.0 and CSS 1.0 standards.
Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control supports the following browsers:
• Microsoft Internet Explorer 10.0 (supports Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control 11.2.0.3 and higher)
• Microsoft Internet Explorer 9.0
• Microsoft Internet Explorer 8.0
• Microsoft Internet Explorer 7.0 SP1
• Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 SP2
• Firefox 21.0 (supports Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control 11.2.0.4)
• Firefox 17.0.6 ESR (supports Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control 11.2.0.4)
• Firefox 3.6
• Firefox 3.5
• Firefox 3.0.7
• Firefox 2.0
• Safari 4.0.x
• Safari 3.2
• Safari 3.1
• Google Chrome 27.0 (supports Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control 11.2.0.4)
• Google Chrome 4.0
• Google Chrome 3.0
• Netscape Navigator 9.0
• Netscape Navigator 8.1
See Also:
Oracle Application Express Installation Guide
5 Creating Required Operating System Groups and Users
The following local operating system groups and users are required if you are installing Oracle Database:
• The Oracle Inventory group (typically, oinstall)
• The OSDBA group (typically, dba)
• The Oracle software owner (typically, oracle)
• The OSOPER group (optional. Typically, oper)
To determine whether these groups and users exist, and if necessary, to create them, follow these steps:
If the output of this command shows the oinstall group name, then the group exists.
If the oraInst.loc file exists, then the output from this command is similar to the following:
inventory_loc=/u01/app/oraInventory
inst_group=oinstall
The inst_group parameter shows the name of the Oracle Inventory group, oinstall.
3. To determine whether the dba group exists, enter the following command:
4. # grep dba /etc/group
If the output from this commands shows the dba group name, then the group exists.
5. If necessary, enter the following commands to create the oinstall and dba groups:
6. # /usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall
7. # /usr/sbin/groupadd dba
8. To determine whether the oracle user exists and belongs to the correct groups, enter the following command:
9. # id oracle
If the oracle user exists, then this command displays information about the groups to which the user belongs. The output should be similar to the following, indicating that oinstall is the primary group and dba is a secondary group:
uid=440(oracle) gid=200(oinstall) groups=201(dba),202(oper)
10. If necessary, complete one of the following actions:
o If the oracle user exists, but its primary group is not oinstall or it is not a member of the dba group, then enter the following command:
o # /usr/sbin/usermod -g oinstall -G dba oracle
o If the oracle user does not exist, enter the following command to create it:
o # /usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
This command creates the oracle user and specifies oinstall as the primary group and dba as the secondary group.
11. Enter the following command to set the password of the oracle user:
12. # passwd oracle
6 Configuring Kernel Parameters and Resource Limits
Verify that the kernel parameters shown in the following table are set to values greater than or equal to the minimum value shown. The procedure following the table describes how to verify and set the values.
Note:
The kernel parameter and shell limit values in this section are minimum values only. For production database systems, Oracle recommends that you tune these values to optimize the performance of the system. Refer to your operating system documentation for more information about tuning kernel parameters.
Parameter Minimum Value File
semmsl
semmns
semopm
semmni 250
32000
100
128 /proc/sys/kernel/sem
shmall 2097152 /proc/sys/kernel/shmall
shmmax Minimum: 536870912
Maximum: A value that is 1 byte less than the physical memory
Recommended: More than half the physical memory
See My Oracle Support Note 567506.1 for additional information about configuring shmmax. /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax
shmmni 4096 /proc/sys/kernel/shmmni
file-max 6815744 /proc/sys/fs/file-max
ip_local_port_range Minimum: 9000
Maximum: 65500 /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range
rmem_default 262144 /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_default
rmem_max 4194304 /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max
wmem_default 262144 /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_default
wmem_max 1048576 /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max
aio-max-nr 1048576
Note: This value limits concurrent outstanding requests and should be set to avoid I/O subsystem failures. /proc/sys/fs/aio-max-nr
Note:
If the current value of any parameter is higher than the value listed in this table, then do not change the value of that parameter.
To view the current value specified for these kernel parameters, and to change them if necessary:
• Enter commands similar to the following to view the current values of the kernel parameters:
Note:
Make a note of the current values and identify any values that you must change.
Parameter Command
semmsl, semmns, semopm, and semmni # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep sem
This command displays the value of the semaphore parameters in the order listed.
shmall, shmmax, and shmmni # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep shm
file-max # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep file-max
ip_local_port_range # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep ip_local_port_range
rmem_default # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep rmem_default
rmem_max # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep rmem_max
wmem_default # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep wmem_default
wmem_max # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep wmem_max
• If the value of any kernel parameter is different from the recommended value, then complete the following steps:
- Using any text editor, create or edit the /etc/sysctl.conf file, and add or edit lines similar to the following:
Note:
Include lines only for the kernel parameter values to change. For the semaphore parameters (kernel.sem), you must specify all four values. However, if any of the current values are larger than the minimum value, then specify the larger value.
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
By specifying the values in the /etc/sysctl.conf file, they persist when you restart the system. However, on SUSE Linux Enterprise Server systems, enter the following command to ensure that the system reads the /etc/sysctl.conf file when it restarts:
/sbin/chkconfig boot.sysctl on
Review the output from this command to verify that the values are correct. If the values are incorrect, edit the /etc/sysctl.conf file, then enter this command again.
4. Enter the command /sbin/sysctl -a to confirm that the values are set correctly.
5. On SUSE systems only, enter the following command to cause the system to read the /etc/sysctl.conf file when it restarts:
6. # /sbin/chkconfig boot.sysctl on
7. On SUSE systems only, you must enter the GID of the oinstall group as the value for the parameter /proc/sys/vm/hugetlb_shm_group. Doing this grants members of oinstall a group permission to create shared memory segments.
For example, where the oinstall group GID is 501:
echo 501 > /proc/sys/vm/hugetlb_shm_group
After running this command, use vi to add the following text to /etc/sysctl.conf, and enable the boot.sysctl script to run on system restart:
vm.hugetlb_shm_group=501
Note:
Only one group can be defined as the vm.hugetlb_shm_group.
8. After updating the values of kernel parameters in the /etc/sysctl.conf file, either restart the computer, or run the command sysctl -p to make the changes in the /etc/sysctl.conf file available in the active kernel memory.
Check Resource Limits for the Oracle Software Installation Users
For each installation software owner, check the resource limits for installation, using the following recommended ranges:
Table 1 Installation Owner Resource Limit Recommended Ranges
Resource Shell Limit Resource Soft Limit Hard Limit
Open file descriptors nofile at least 1024 at least 65536
Number of processes available to a single user nproc at least 2047 at least 16384
Size of the stack segment of the process stack at least 10240 KB at least 10240 KB, and at most 32768 KB
To check resource limits:
- Log in as an installation owner.
- Check the soft and hard limits for the file descriptor setting. Ensure that the result is in the recommended range. For example:
- $ ulimit -Sn
- 4096
- $ ulimit -Hn
- 65536
- Check the soft and hard limits for the number of processes available to a user. Ensure that the result is in the recommended range. For example:
- $ ulimit -Su
- 2047
- $ ulimit -Hu
- 16384
- Check the soft limit for the stack setting. Ensure that the result is in the recommended range. For example:
- $ ulimit -Ss
- 10240
- $ ulimit -Hs
- 32768
- Repeat this procedure for each Oracle software installation owner.
If necessary, update the resource limits in the /etc/security/limits.conf configuration file for the installation owner. However, note that the configuration file is distribution specific. Contact your system administrator for distribution specific configuration file information.
Note:
If the grid or oracle users are logged in, then changes in the limits.conf file do not take effect until you log these users out and log them back in. You must do this before you use these accounts for installation.
7 Creating Required Directories
Create directories with names similar to the following, and specify the correct owner, group, and permissions for them:
• The Oracle base directory
• An optional Oracle data file directory
The Oracle base directory must have 3 GB of free disk space, or 4 GB of free disk space if you choose not to create a separate Oracle data file directory.
Note:
If you do not want to create a separate Oracle data file directory, then you can install the data files in a subdirectory of the Oracle base directory. However, this is not recommended for production databases.
To create the Oracle base directory: - Enter the following command to display information about all mounted file systems:
-
df -k
This command displays information about all the file systems mounted on the system, including:
o The physical device name
o The total amount, used amount, and available amount of disk space
o The mount point directory for that file system
3. From the display, identify either one or two file systems that meet the disk space requirements mentioned earlier in this section.
4. Note the name of the mount point directory for each file system that you identified.
5. Enter commands similar to the following to create the recommended subdirectories in the mount point directory that you identified and set the appropriate owner, group, and permissions on them:
6. # mkdir -p /mount_point/app/
7. # chown -R oracle:oinstall /mount_point/app/
8. # chmod -R 775 /mount_point/app/
For example:
mkdir -p /u01/app/
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/
chmod -R 775 /u01/app/
8 Configuring the oracle User’s Environment
You run Oracle Universal Installer from the oracle account. However, before you start Oracle Universal Installer, you must configure the environment of the oracle user. To configure the environment, you must:
• Set the default file mode creation mask (umask) to 022 in the shell startup file.
• Set the DISPLAY environment variable.
To set the oracle user’s environment:
- Start a new terminal session, for example, an X terminal (xterm).
- Enter the following command to ensure that X Window applications can display on this system:
- $ xhost fully_qualified_remote_host_name
For example:
$ xhost somehost.us.example.com - If you are not logged in to the system where you want to install the software, then log in to that system as the oracle user.
- If you are not logged in as the oracle user, then switch user to oracle:
- $ su - oracle
- To determine the default shell for the oracle user, enter the following command:
- $ echo $SHELL
- To run the shell startup script, enter one of the following commands:
o Bash shell:
o $ . ./.bash_profile
o Bourne or Korn shell:
o $ . ./.profile
o C shell:
o % source ./.login - If you are not installing the software on the local computer, then run the following command on the remote computer to set the DISPLAY variable:
o Bourne, Bash or Korn shell:
o $ export DISPLAY=local_host:0.0
o C shell:
o % setenv DISPLAY local_host:0.0
In this example, local_host is the host name or IP address of the local computer to use to display Oracle Universal Installer.
Run the following command on the remote computer to check if the shell and the DISPLAY environmental variable are set correctly:
echo $SHELL
echo $DISPLAY
Now to enable X applications, run the following commands on the local computer:
$ xhost + fully_qualified_remote_host_name
To verify that X applications display is set properly, run a X11 based program that comes with the operating system such as xclock:
$ xclock
In this example, you can find xclock at /usr/X11R6/bin/xclocks. If the DISPLAY variable is set properly, then you can see xclock on your computer screen.
See Also:
PC-X Server or operating system vendor documents for further assistance - If you determined that the /tmp directory has less than 1 GB of free disk space, then identify a file system with at least 1 GB of free space and set the TMP and TMPDIR environment variables to specify a temporary directory on this file system:
- To determine the free disk space on each mounted file system use the following command:
-
df -h /tmp
- If necessary, enter commands similar to the following to create a temporary directory on the file system that you identified, and set the appropriate permissions on the directory:
- $ sudo mkdir /mount_point/tmp
- $ sudo chmod a+wr /mount_point/tmp
-
exit
- Enter commands similar to the following to set the TMP and TMPDIR environment variables:
Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:
$ TMP=/mount_point/tmp
$ TMPDIR=/mount_point/tmp
$ export TMP TMPDIR
C shell:
% setenv TMP /mount_point/tmp
% setenv TMPDIR /mount_point/tmp
Enter commands similar to the following to set the ORACLE_BASE and ORACLE_SID environment variables:
o Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:
o $ ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
o $ ORACLE_SID=sales
o $ export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_SID
o C shell:
o % setenv ORACLE_BASE /u01/app/oracle
o % setenv ORACLE_SID sales
In this example, /u01/app/oracle is the Oracle base directory that you created or identified earlier and sales is the database name (typically no more than five characters).
Enter the following commands to ensure that the ORACLE_HOME and TNS_ADMIN environment variables are not set:
o Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:
o $ unset ORACLE_HOME
o $ unset TNS_ADMIN
o C shell:
o % unsetenv ORACLE_HOME
o % unsetenv TNS_ADMIN
Note:
If the ORACLE_HOME environment variable is set, then Oracle Universal Installer uses the value that it specifies as the default path for the Oracle home directory. However, if you set the ORACLE_BASE environment variable, then Oracle recommends that you unset the ORACLE_HOME environment variable and choose the default path suggested by Oracle Universal Installer.
9 Mounting the Product Disc
On most Linux systems, the disk mounts automatically when you insert it into the installation media. If the disk does not mount automatically, then follow these steps to mount it: - Enter a command similar to the following to eject the currently mounted disc, then remove it from the drive:
o Asianux, Oracle Linux, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux:
o $ sudo eject /mnt/dvd
o SUSE Linux Enterprise Server:
o # eject /media/dvd
In these examples, /mnt/dvd and /media/dvd are the mount point directories for the disc drive. - Insert the DVD into the disc drive.
- To verify that the disc mounted automatically, enter a command similar to the following:
o Asianux, Oracle Linux, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux:
o # ls /mnt/dvd
o SUSE Linux Enterprise Server:
o # ls /media/dvd - If this command fails to display the contents of the disc, then enter a command similar to the following:
o Asianux, Oracle Linux, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux:
o # mount -t iso9660 /dev/dvd /mnt/dvd
o SUSE Linux Enterprise Server:
o # mount -t iso9660 /dev/dvd /media/dvd
In these examples, /mnt/dvd and /media/dvd are the mount point directories for the disc drive.
10 Installing Oracle Database
After configuring the oracle user’s environment, start Oracle Universal Installer and install Oracle Database as follows: - To start Oracle Universal Installer, enter the following command:
- $ /mount_point/db/runInstaller
If Oracle Universal Installer does not start, then refer to Oracle Database Installation Guide for Linux for information about how to troubleshoot X Window display problems. - The following table describes the recommended action for each Oracle Universal Installer screen. Use the following guidelines to complete the installation:
o If you need more assistance, or to choose an option that is not the default, then click Help for additional information.
o If you encounter errors while installing or linking the software, then refer to Oracle Database Installation Guide for Linux for information about troubleshooting.
Note:
If you have completed the tasks listed previously, then you can complete the installation by choosing the default values on most screens.
Screen Recommended Action
Configure Security Updates Enter your e-mail address, preferably your My Oracle Support e-mail address or user name in the Email field.
You can select the I wish to receive security updates via My Oracle Support check box to receive security updates.
Enter your My Oracle Support password in the My Oracle Support Password field.
Click Next.
Download Software Updates Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.2), you can use the Software Updates feature to dynamically download and apply latest updates. Select one of the following options and click Next:
o Use My Oracle Support credentials for download: Select this option to download and apply the latest software updates.
Click Proxy Settings to configure a proxy for Oracle Universal Installer to use to connect to the Internet. Provide the proxy server information for your site, along with a user account that has access to the local area network through which the server is connecting. Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.3), you can enter the Proxy Realm information if required. The proxy realm information is case-sensitive.
Click Test Connection to ensure that your proxy settings are correctly entered, and the installer can download the updates.
o Use pre-downloaded software updates: Select this option to apply previously downloaded software updates.
o Skip Software Updates: Select this option if you do not want to apply any updates.
Apply Software Updates This screen is displayed if you select to download the software updates or provide the pre-downloaded software downloads location.
If you selected Use My Oracle Support credentials for download in the previous screen, select Download and apply all updates, and then click Next.
If you selected Use pre-downloaded software updates in the previous screen, select Apply all updates, and then click Next.
Select Installation Option Select Create and configure a database from the following list of available options, then click Next:
o Create and configure a database
o Install database software only
o Upgrade an existing database
System Class Select Server Class from the following options to install the database, and click Next.
o Desktop Class: Choose this option if you are installing on a laptop or desktop class system.
o Server Class: Choose this option if you are installing on a server class system, such as what you would use when deploying Oracle in a production data center.
Grid Installation Options Select Single instance database installation for the type of database installation you want to perform, and click Next.
o Single instance database installation: This option installs the database and the listener.
o Real Application Clusters database installation: This option installs Oracle Real Application Clusters.
o Oracle RAC One Node database installation: This option installs the Oracle RAC One Node database.
Note: Oracle RAC One Node is supported only with Oracle Clusterware.
Select Install Type Select Typical Install as the installation type from the following options, and click Next:
o Typical Install: This installation method is selected by default. It lets you quickly install Oracle Database using minimal input.
o Advanced Install: This installation method enables to perform more complex installations.
Typical Install Configuration Enter the following information according to your requirements:
Oracle base: The Oracle base path appears by default. You can change the path based on your requirement.
Software location: In the Software Location section, accept the default value or enter the Oracle home directory path in which you want to install Oracle components. The directory path should not contain spaces.
Storage Type: Select File System, or Oracle Automatic Storage Management as the database storage option.
Database file location: If you select File System as your storage type, then click Browse and specify a database file location.
ASMSNMP Password: If you select Oracle Automatic Storage Management as your Storage Type, then specify the password for the ASMSNMP user.
Database edition: Select the database edition to install.
OSDBA Group: The OSDBA group is selected by default. You can also select the OSDBA group from the list.
Global database name: Specify the Global Database Name using the following syntax:
database_name.domain
For example, sales.us.example.com
Administrative password: Enter the password for the privileged database account.
Confirm Password: Reenter, and confirm the password for the privileged database account.
Click Next to continue.
Create Inventory This screen is displayed only during the first installation of Oracle products on a system.
Specify the full path of the Oracle Inventory directory. Ensure that the operating system group selected is oinstall. Click Next to continue.
Perform Prerequisite Checks Verify that all the prerequisite checks succeed, and then click Next.
Oracle Universal Installer checks the system to verify that it is configured correctly to run Oracle software. If you have completed all the preinstallation steps in this guide, all the checks should pass.
If a check fails, then review the cause of the failure listed for that check on the screen. If possible, rectify the problem and rerun the check. Alternatively, if you are satisfied that your system meets the requirements, then you can select the check box for the failed check to manually verify the requirement.
Note: Oracle recommends that you use caution in checking the Ignore All option. If you check this option, then Oracle Universal Installer may not confirm if your system can install Oracle Database successfully.
Summary Review the information displayed on this screen, and then click Install.
Note: Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2), you can save all the installation steps into a response file by clicking Save Response File. Later, this file can be used for a silent installation.
Install Product This screen states the progress of a database installation. After the database is installed, you are prompted to execute some root configuration script for new inventory as the root user. Click Next.
This screen then displays the status information for the configuration assistants that configure the software and create a database.
Finally, a message is displayed at the end of Database Configuration Assistant process, and click OK.
Execute the root.sh script as the root user to complete the installation and click OK.
Finish This screen is shown automatically when all the configuration tools are successful.
Click Close.
11 Installing Oracle Database Examples
If you plan to use the following products or features, then download and install the products from the Oracle Database Examples media:
• Oracle JDBC Development Drivers
• Oracle Database Examples
• Various Oracle product demonstrations
For information about installing software and various Oracle product demonstrations from the Oracle Database Examples media, refer to Oracle Database Examples Installation Guide.
12 What to Do Next?
To become familiar with this release of Oracle Database, it is recommended that you complete the following tasks:
• Log in to Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control using a web browser.
Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control is a web-based application that you can use to manage a single Oracle Database installation. The default URL for Database Control is similar to the following:
http://host.domain:1158/em/
To log in, use the user name SYS and connect as SYSDBA. Use the password that you specified for this user during the Oracle Database 11g installation.
• Refer to Oracle Database Installation Guide for Linux for information about required and optional postinstallation tasks, depending on the products to use.
• Refer to Oracle Database Installation Guide for Linux for information about how to use Database Control to learn about the configuration of your installed database.
• To learn more about using Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control to administer a database, refer to Oracle Database 2 Day DBA.
This guide, designed for new Oracle DBAs, describes how to use Database Control to manage all aspects of an Oracle Database installation. It also provides information about how to enable e-mail notifications and automated backups, which you might not have configured during the installation.
13 Additional Information
This section contains information about the following:
• Product Licenses
• Purchasing Licenses and Version Updates
• Contacting Oracle Support Services
• Locating Product Documentation
Product Licenses
You are welcome to install and evaluate the products included in this media pack for 30 days under the terms of the Trial License Agreement. However, you must purchase a program license if you want to continue using any product after the 30 day evaluation period. See the following section for information about purchasing program licenses.
Purchasing Licenses and Version Updates
You can purchase program licenses and updated versions of Oracle products from the Oracle Store website:
https://shop.oracle.com
Contacting Oracle Support Services
If you have purchased Oracle Product Support, you can call Oracle Support Services for assistance 24 hours a day, seven days a week. For information about purchasing Oracle Product Support or contacting Oracle Support Services, go to the Oracle Support Services website:
http://www.oracle.com/us/support/index.html
Locating Product Documentation
Product documentation includes information about configuring, using, or administering Oracle products on any platform. The product documentation for Oracle Database products is available in both HTML and PDF formats online:
http://docs.oracle.com/
14 Documentation Accessibility
For information about Oracle’s commitment to accessibility, visit the Oracle Accessibility Program website at http://www.oracle.com/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=acc&id=docacc.
Access to Oracle Support
Oracle customers that have purchased support have access to electronic support through My Oracle Support. For information, visit http://www.oracle.com/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=acc&id=info or visit http://www.oracle.com/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=acc&id=trs if you are hearing impaired.
Oracle Database Quick Installation Guide, 11g Release 2 (11.2) for Linux x86-64
E24326-08
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