一点睛
Spring通过任务执行器(TaskExecutor)来实现多线程和并发编程。
使用ThreadPoolTaskExecutor可实现一个基于线程池的TaskExecutor。
实际开发中一般是非阻塞的,即异步的,所以我们要在配置类中通过@EnableAsync开启对异步任务的支持,并通过在实际执行的Bean的方法中使用@Async注解来声明其是一个异步任务。
二ThreadPoolTaskExecutor类的核心属性
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class ThreadPoolTaskExecutor extends ExecutorConfigurationSupport
implements AsyncListenableTaskExecutor, SchedulingTaskExecutor {
private final Object poolSizeMonitor = new Object();
private int corePoolSize = 1;
private int maxPoolSize = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
private int keepAliveSeconds = 60;
private int queueCapacity = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
private boolean allowCoreThreadTimeOut = false;
private ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor;
......
}
三实战
1配置类
package com.wisely.highlight_spring4.ch3.taskexecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import org.springframework.aop.interceptor.AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncConfigurer;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.wisely.highlight_spring4.ch3.taskexecutor")
@EnableAsync //开启异步任务支持
//配置类实现AsyncConfigurer接口并重写getAsyncExecutor方法
public class TaskExecutorConfig implements AsyncConfigurer{
//返回一个ThreadPoolTaskExecutor,这就就获得了一个基于线程池的TaskExecutor
@Override
public Executor getAsyncExecutor() {
ThreadPoolTaskExecutor taskExecutor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
taskExecutor.setCorePoolSize(5);
taskExecutor.setMaxPoolSize(10);
taskExecutor.setQueueCapacity(25);
taskExecutor.initialize();
return taskExecutor;
}
@Override
public AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler getAsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler() {
return null;
}
}
2任务执行类
package com.wisely.highlight_spring4.ch3.taskexecutor;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class AsyncTaskService {
//表明该方法是异步方法,如果注解在类上,则表明该类的所有方法都是异步方法,
//这里的方法自动被注入使用ThreadPoolTaskExecutor作为TaskExecutor
@Async
public void executeAsyncTask(Integer i){
System.out.println("执行异步任务: "+i);
}
@Async
public void executeAsyncTaskPlus(Integer i){
System.out.println("执行异步任务+1: "+(i+1));
}
}
3主类
package com.wisely.highlight_spring4.ch3.taskexecutor;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context =
new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TaskExecutorConfig.class);
AsyncTaskService asyncTaskService = context.getBean(AsyncTaskService.class);
for(int i =0 ;i<10;i++){
asyncTaskService.executeAsyncTask(i);
asyncTaskService.executeAsyncTaskPlus(i);
}
context.close();
}
}
四运行结果——结果是并发执行而不是顺序执行
执行异步任务: 2
执行异步任务+1: 2
执行异步任务: 1
执行异步任务+1: 1
执行异步任务: 0
执行异步任务: 4
执行异步任务+1: 4
执行异步任务: 3
执行异步任务+1: 3
执行异步任务: 6
执行异步任务+1: 6
执行异步任务: 5
执行异步任务+1: 5
执行异步任务+1: 9
执行异步任务: 8
执行异步任务+1: 8
执行异步任务: 7
执行异步任务+1: 7
执行异步任务+1: 10
执行异步任务: 9
五 参考