与孩子一起学编程08章

循环（looping），计数循环（counting loop），条件循环（conditional loop）。

1   计数循环，for循环

for looper in [1,2,3,4,5]:
    print "hello"

每一次循环称为一次迭代（iteration）。

再来试试看

for looper in [1,2,3,4,5]:
    print looper

这次和上次显示的不同，是不是，如果循环出错形成无限循环怎么办啊，中断循环（CTRL+C）。

再来是一个有意义点的程序，8的乘法表

for looper in [1,2,3,4,5]:
    print looper, "times 8 =", looper * 8

运行结果如下

>>> ================================ RESTART ================================
>>> 
1 times 8 = 8
2 times 8 = 16
3 times 8 = 24
4 times 8 = 32
5 times 8 = 40

循环函数range()，

for looper in range (1,5):
    print looper, "times 8 =", looper * 8

运行结果如下

>>> ================================ RESTART ================================
>>> 
1 times 8 = 8
2 times 8 = 16
3 times 8 = 24
4 times 8 = 32

和上面显示的结果有点不一样，为什么呢？

range()，提供一个数字列表，从给的第一个数开始，在给的的最后一个数之前结束。必须要注意到这一点。

再来一个例子，8的乘法表（从1到10）

for looper in range (1,11):
    print looper, "times 8 =", looper * 8

循环变量命名的通用惯例：习惯用i，j，k作为循环变量，不应当有其他用途。例如

for i in range (1,5):
    print i, "times 8 =", i * 8

range()的简写

for i in range (5):
    # 与写作 for i in range (0, 5): 完全相同
    print i, "times 8 =", i * 8

大多数的程序都从0开始循环而不是从1开始。range()默认从0开始，步长为1.如果想步长为2计数，可以这样

for i in range (1,10,2):
    print i

反向计数

for i in range (10, 1, -1):
    print i

再来个反向计数的例子，步长为-1后循环作反向计数

# 与孩子一起学编程08章
# 2013年8月27日14:03:52
# range()循环反向计数-2 8-10
import time
for i in range (10, 0, -1):
    print i
    time.sleep(1)
print "BLAST OFF!"

没有数字的计数循环

for cool_guy in ["Spongebob", "Spoderman", "Justin Timberlake", "My Dad"]:
    print cool_guy, "is the coolest guy ever!"

运行结果

>>> 
Spongebob is the coolest guy ever!
Spoderman is the coolest guy ever!
Justin Timberlake is the coolest guy ever!
My Dad is the coolest guy ever!
>>> 

2  条件循环，while循环

如果能提前知道希望循环运行多少次，那么for循环挺合适。不过，有时希望循环一直运行下去，直到发生某种情况时才结束，而且不知道发生这种情况之前会有多少次迭代。这就可以用while循环来实现。

print "Type 3 to continue, anything else to quit."
someInput = raw_input()
while someInput == '3':
    print "Thank you for the 3. Very kind of you."
    print "Type 3 to continue, anything else to quit."
    someInput = raw_input()
print "That's not 3, so I'm quitting now."

运行结果

>>> 
Type 3 to continue, anything else to quit.
3
Thank you for the 3. Very kind of you.
Type 3 to continue, anything else to quit.
3
Thank you for the 3. Very kind of you.
Type 3 to continue, anything else to quit.
3
Thank you for the 3. Very kind of you.
Type 3 to continue, anything else to quit.
5
That's not 3, so I'm quitting now.
>>> 

3  跳出循环——break和continue

用continue直接跳到循环的下一次迭代，或者用break完全终止循环。

先来看continue的用法

for i in range (1, 6):
    print
    print 'i =', i,
    print 'Hello, how',
    if i == 3:
        continue
    print 'are you today?'

运行结果

>>> 

i = 1 Hello, how are you today?

i = 2 Hello, how are you today?

i = 3 Hello, how
i = 4 Hello, how are you today?

i = 5 Hello, how are you today?

break的用法

for i in range (1, 6):
    print
    print 'i =', i,
    print 'Hello, how',
    if i == 3:
        break
    print 'are you today?'

运行结果

>>> 

i = 1 Hello, how are you today?

i = 2 Hello, how are you today?

i = 3 Hello, how
>>> 

从上两个程序能看出continue和break的用法和区别吗？

好了，python中的循环学习就到这儿，上一章的if，条件和测试，及这一章中计数循环和条件循环，差不多了吧，我都跃跃欲试了，呵呵。