How to Design Programs, Second Edition——Chapter 1 Fixed-Size Data 固定尺寸数据

最新推荐文章于 2021-04-17 00:09:03 发布

seeleday

最新推荐文章于 2021-04-17 00:09:03 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/seeleday/article/details/80624675

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本文深入探讨了四种基本数据类型（数字、字符串、布尔值和图像）的算术运算，包括数字的加减乘除、字符串的拼接、图像的创建和参数查询，以及布尔值的逻辑运算。通过一系列的练习，读者可以掌握如何在这些数据类型间进行混合运算，并了解函数定义和程序的基本构造。此外，还介绍了如何利用DrRacket的stepper进行逐步计算以理解函数执行过程。

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1 Arithmetic 算数

四种原子数据

numbers
strings
boolean values
images

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1.1 The Arithmetic of Numbers

Exercise 1. Add the following definitions for x and y to DrRacket’s definitions area:

(define x 3)

(define y 4)

Now imagine that x and y are the coordinates of a Cartesian point. Write down an expression that computes the distance of this point to the origin, that is, a point with the coordinates ( 0, 0).

my code:

(define x 3)
(define y 4)
(define (square x)(* x x))

(sqrt (+ (square x) (square y)))

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1.2 The Arithmetic of Strings

字符串的拼接，像python中的 str1 + str2

> (string-append "what a " "lovely " "day" " 4 BSL")

"what a lovely day 4 BSL"

Exercise 2. Add the following two lines to the definitions area:

(define prefix "hello")

(define suffix "world")

Then use string primitives to create an expression that concatenates prefix and suffix and adds "_" between them. When you run this program, you will see "hello_world" in the interactions area.

My code

(define prefix "hello")
(define suffix "world")

(string-append prefix "_" suffix)

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1.3 Mixing it Up

Exercise 3. Add the following two lines to the definitions area:

(define str "helloworld")

(define i 5)

Then create an expression using string primitives that adds "_" at position i. In general this means the resulting string is longer than the original one; here the expected result is "hello_world".

Position means i characters from the left of the string, but programmers start counting at 0. Thus, the 5 th letter in this example is "w", because the 0th letter is "h". Hint When you encounter such “counting problems” you may wish to add a string of digits below str to help with counting:

(define str "helloworld")

(define ind "0123456789")

(define i 5)

My code:

(define str "helloworld")
(define i 5)

(string-append
 (substring str 0 i)
 "_"
 (substring str i))

Exercise 4. Use the same setup as in exercise 3 to create an expression that deletes the ith position from str. Clearly this expression creates a shorter string than the given one. Which values for i are legitimate?

My code:

(define str "helloworld")
(define i 5)

(string-append
 (substring str 0 i)
 (substring str (+ i 1)))

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1.4 The Arithmetic of Images

(require 2htdp/image) 首先导入图形库

circle produces a circle image from a radius, a mode string, and a color string;
ellipse produces an ellipse from two radii, a mode string, and a color string;
line produces a line from two points and a color string;
rectangle produces a rectangle from a width, a height, a mode string, and a color string;
text produces a text image from a string, a font size, and a color string; and
triangle produces an upward-pointing equilateral triangle from a size, a mode string, and a color string.