JAVA学习（小白向）—栈—2021.6.2

JAVA学习（小白向）—栈—2021.6.2

Q1:什么是栈？

A1:堆和栈都是Java用来在RAM中存放数据的地方。

一、堆

(1)Java的堆是一个运行时数据区，类的对象从堆中分配空间。这些对象通过new等指令建立，通过垃圾回收器来销毁。

(2)堆的优势是可以动态地分配内存空间，需要多少内存空间不必事先告诉编译器，因为它是在运行时动态分配的。但缺点是，由于需要在运行时动态分配内存，所以存取速度较慢。

二、栈

(1)栈中主要存放一些基本数据类型的变量(byte，short，int，long，float，double，boolean，char)和对象的引用。

(2)栈的优势是，存取速度比堆快，栈数据可以共享。但缺点是，存放在栈中的数据占用多少内存空间需要在编译时确定下来，缺乏灵活性。

(3)函数中定义的基本类型变量，对象的引用变量都在函数的栈内存中分配。 栈内存特点，数数据一执行完毕，变量会立即释放，节约内存空间。 栈内存中的数据，没有默认初始化值，需要手动设置。

Q2:什么是push、pop？

A2:pop（）是移除堆栈顶部的元素并且返回它的值
push（）是把对象压入堆栈的顶部

代码

package a13;

/**
 * ********************
 * Char stack. Do not use Stack because it's already defined in Java.
 * @author hengyuzuo
 * ********************
 */
public class CharStack {
	/**
	 * *************
	 * The depth
	 * *************
	 */
	public static final int MAX_DEPTH = 10;
	
	/**
	 * *************
	 * The actual depth
	 * *************
	 */
	int depth;
	
	/**
	 * *************
	 * The data;
	 * *************
	 */
	char[] data;
	
	/**
	 * *************
	 * Construct an empty sequential list.
	 * *************
	 */
	public CharStack() {
		depth = 0;
		data = new char[MAX_DEPTH];
	}// Of the first constructor
	
	/**
	 * *************
	 * Overrides the method claimed in Object, the superclass of any class.
	 * *************
	 */
	public String toString() {
		String resultString = "";
		for (int i = 0; i < depth; i++) {
			resultString += data[i];
		}// Of for i 
		return resultString;
	}// Of toSting
	
	
	/**
	 * *************************
	 * Push an element.
	 * @param paraChar  the given char.
	 * @return Success or not.
	 * *************************
	 */
	public boolean push(char paraChar) {
		if (depth == MAX_DEPTH) {
			System.out.println("Stack full.");
			return false;
		}//Of if
		
		data[depth] = paraChar;
		depth++;
		return true;
	}// Of push
	
	/**
	 * *************************
	 * Pop an element.
	 * @param paraChar  the given char.
	 * @return Success or not.
	 * *************************
	 */
	public char pop() {
		if (depth == 0) {
			System.out.println("Nothin to pop.");
			return '\0';
		}// Of pop
		
		char resultChar = data[depth -1];
		depth--;
		
		return resultChar;
	}// Of pop
	
	/**
	 * **************************
	 * The entrance of the program.
	 * @param args not used now.
	 * **************************
	 */
	public static void main(String args[]) {
		CharStack tempStack = new CharStack();
		
		for (char ch = 'a'; ch < 'm'; ch++) {
			tempStack.push(ch);
			System.out.println("The current stack is: " + tempStack);
		}// Of for i 
		
		char tempChar;
		for (int i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
			tempChar = tempStack.pop();
			System.out.println("Poped: " + tempChar);
			System.out.println("The current stack is: " +tempStack);
		}// Of for i 
	}// Of for mian
}// Of CharStack

运行结果

The current stack is: a
The current stack is: ab
The current stack is: abc
The current stack is: abcd
The current stack is: abcde
The current stack is: abcdef
The current stack is: abcdefg
The current stack is: abcdefgh
The current stack is: abcdefghi
The current stack is: abcdefghij
Stack full.
The current stack is: abcdefghij
Stack full.
The current stack is: abcdefghij
Poped: j
The current stack is: abcdefghi
Poped: i
The current stack is: abcdefgh
Poped: h
The current stack is: abcdefg
Poped: g
The current stack is: abcdef
Poped: f
The current stack is: abcde
Poped: e
The current stack is: abcd
Poped: d
The current stack is: abc
Poped: c
The current stack is: ab
Poped: b
The current stack is: a
Poped: a
The current stack is: 
Nothin to pop.
Poped: