量子物理体系建立

最新推荐文章于 2022-11-21 07:50:51 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-11-21 07:50:51 发布

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刚刚结束连续一个星期的考试，主要结课了量子物理，
有限元在弹性力学中的应用，核物理，自动控制以及
辐射与物质的相互作用。可能还有接下来的CP2课程
考试。想着这些知识点都比较有趣，或许在将来某一
天工作中可能或多或少会涉及到一些。基于这个初衷
也为了完善自己的知识体系，便有了写这个博客记录
自己对各个领域的思考。希望之后能陆续补全。

1.量子物理体系

虽然说量子物理理论的研究不在本专业的涉及之内，但是，有幸接触到人类知识领域的某一高峰，实在是难以自拔。毕竟，这是人类知识的结晶，对自然奥秘的探索，虽然无法在一线同他们一起全心奋斗，但并不妨碍我成为他们中的一员，在自然面前，知识都是平等的，人类都是平等的，某一领域，通过适当的演绎，总能找到这构建万物之理，只不过是不同领域的视角不同罢了。
那么，量子物理时候也具有数学那般的公理体系呢。我觉得是存在的。不妨直接先从薛定谔方程这一基本的假设入手。
The system of a quatum state can be described by a state function $\psi(t,x)$ , living in the Hilbert space $L^2(\Omega)$ , where $\Omega$ is the space region of such quantum state, which satisfy the Sauch equation as followed. $i\hbar \partial _{t} \psi=H\psi$ ,where in general , $H$ is a linear operator depending on both time variable and space variable. For some special case where $H$ depend only on the space domain,mathematically, we can simpliy our discussion and get some intressting results. For instance, we can mainly treat the space domain linear operator and decompose it in this space !! This is in fact what we call the time domain independent S equation. $H\psi(x)=E\psi(x)$ It is in fact about the spetral theory. The solution may be called (seudo-)eigenfunction, and $E$ is the corresponding eigenvalue. However, in quatum mechanics, this mathmatical symbol have some important interperation: $\psi$ is the mesurable state (or real existing state) , $E$ is its mesurable value and the linear operator $H$ is the mesurement process for the corresponding physical variable. This is exactly what make the quantum world reasonable, or at least we can explain it experimentally, although it is just a mathamatical result! In this situation, for a composed state, which may be expressed by a linear combination of the basic equations (the mesurable states), has thus the probability sens, since in real world, we we can observe and mesure is only on the basic equation. So for a composed state, a series possible sate can be observed, and the corresponding possibility is exactly the component in that very basis, while in Hilbert space, it can be easily getted by an inner product. Above all, it is how the mathematical world related to the physical world with some specific interperation!
Besides, for a mesurement process in the quntum world. It can be explained in the mathematical language an operator acting on this very sate function, which may be a basic function or a composed state. However, if we perform this action, the state function must be changed, expecially for a composed state, because the state later is determined and be certain, and thus no longer a composed state but a pure baic state. This is what we call “量子坍缩” in chinese.(Only in my personal understanding 😃 ), wheras the basic state won’t change at all!