linux系统上RabbitMQ集群搭建

实际生产应用中都会采用消息队列的集群方案，如果选择RabbitMQ那么有必要了解下它的集群方案原理。一般来说，如果只是为了学习RabbitMQ或者验证业务工程的正确性那么在本地环境或者测试环境上使用其单实例部署就可以了，但是出于MQ中间件本身的可靠性、并发性、吞吐量和消息堆积能力等问题的考虑，在生产环境上一般都会考虑使用RabbitMQ的集群方案。

1 集群方案的原理

RabbitMQ这款消息队列中间件产品本身是基于Erlang编写，Erlang语言天生具备分布式特性（通过同步Erlang集群各节点的magic cookie来实现）。因此，RabbitMQ天然支持Clustering。这使得RabbitMQ本身不需要像ActiveMQ、Kafka那样通过ZooKeeper分别来实现HA方案和保存集群的元数据。集群是保证可靠性的一种方式，同时可以通过水平扩展以达到增加消息吞吐量能力的目的。

2 单机多实例部署

由于某些因素的限制，有时候你不得不在一台机器上去搭建一个rabbitmq集群，这个有点类似zookeeper的单机版。真实生成环境还是要配成多机集群的。有关怎么配置多机集群的可以参考其他的资料，这里主要论述如何在单机中配置多个rabbitmq实例。

首先确保RabbitMQ运行没有问题

[root@super ~]# rabbitmqctl status
Status of node rabbit@super ...
[{pid,10232},
 {running_applications,
     [{rabbitmq_management,"RabbitMQ Management Console","3.6.5"},
      {rabbitmq_web_dispatch,"RabbitMQ Web Dispatcher","3.6.5"},
      {webmachine,"webmachine","1.10.3"},
      {mochiweb,"MochiMedia Web Server","2.13.1"},
      {rabbitmq_management_agent,"RabbitMQ Management Agent","3.6.5"},
      {rabbit,"RabbitMQ","3.6.5"},
      {os_mon,"CPO  CXC 138 46","2.4"},
      {syntax_tools,"Syntax tools","1.7"},
      {inets,"INETS  CXC 138 49","6.2"},
      {amqp_client,"RabbitMQ AMQP Client","3.6.5"},
      {rabbit_common,[],"3.6.5"},
      {ssl,"Erlang/OTP SSL application","7.3"},
      {public_key,"Public key infrastructure","1.1.1"},
      {asn1,"The Erlang ASN1 compiler version 4.0.2","4.0.2"},
      {ranch,"Socket acceptor pool for TCP protocols.","1.2.1"},
      {mnesia,"MNESIA  CXC 138 12","4.13.3"},
      {compiler,"ERTS  CXC 138 10","6.0.3"},