查找——线性表的查找

该篇文章文章主要介绍顺序查找、折半查找、分块查找的相关运算。

头文件：SqListSearch.h

#include <iostream>
const int MaxSize = 100;				//顺序表中最多元素个数
template <typename T>
struct RecType							//顺序表记录类型
{
	T key;								//存放关键字，假设关键字为T类型
	char data;							//存放其他数据，假设为char类型
};
template <typename T>
struct IdxType							//索引表类型
{
	T key;								//关键字
	int link;							//该索引块在数据表中的起始下标
};

template <typename T>
class SqListSearchClass					//顺序表查找类模板
{
	RecType<T> R[MaxSize];				//顺序表
	int length; 						//存放顺序表的长度
public:
	SqListSearchClass();				//构造函数，用于查找顺序表的初始化
	void SetK(T a[], int n);			//设置顺序表的关键字
	int SeqSearch(T k);					//顺序查找算法
	int BinSearch(T k);					//拆半查找非递归算法
	int BinSearch1(T k);				//拆半查找递归算法
	int IdxSearch(IdxType<T> I[], int b, T k);	//分块查找
	void dispR();						//输出顺序表R中的元素
private:
	int BinSearch11(int low, int high, T k);	//被BinSearch1函数调用
};

源文件：SqListSearch.cpp

#include "SqListSearch.h"					
template <typename T>
SqListSearchClass<T>::SqListSearchClass()		//构造函数，用于查找顺序表的初始化
{
	length = 0;
}
template <typename T>
void SqListSearchClass<T>::SetK(T a[], int n)	//设置顺序表的关键字
{
	int i;
	for (i = 0; i<n; i++)
		R[i].key = a[i];
	length = n;
}
template <typename T>
int SqListSearchClass<T>::SeqSearch(T k)		//顺序查找算法
{
	int i = 0;
	while (i<length && R[i].key != k)	
		i++;	
	if (i >= length) return 0;					//未找到返回0
	else return i + 1;							//找到后返回其逻辑序号i+1
}
template <typename T>
int SqListSearchClass<T>::BinSearch(T k)		//拆半查找非递归算法
{
	int low = 0, high = length - 1, mid;
	while (low <= high)			
	{
		mid = (low + high) / 2;		
		if (R[mid].key == k)		
			return mid + 1;		
		if (R[mid].key>k)		
			high = mid - 1;
		else					
			low = mid + 1;			
	}
	return 0;					
}
template <typename T>
int SqListSearchClass<T>::BinSearch1(T k)		//拆半查找递归算法
{
	return BinSearch11(0, length - 1, k);
}
template <typename T>
int SqListSearchClass<T>::BinSearch11(int low, int high, T k)	//被BinSearch1函数调用
{
	int mid;
	if (low <= high)			
	{
		mid = (low + high) / 2;		
		if (R[mid].key == k)	
			return mid + 1;		
		if (R[mid].key>k)		
			return BinSearch11(low, mid - 1, k);
		else						
			return BinSearch11(mid + 1, high, k);	
	}
	else return 0;				
}
template <typename T>
int SqListSearchClass<T>::IdxSearch(IdxType<T> I[], int b, T k) //在顺序表R[0..length-1]和索引表I[0..b-1]中查找关键字k的记录
{
	int low = 0, high = b - 1, mid, i;
	int s = (length + b - 1) / b;		
	while (low <= high)			
	{
		mid = (low + high) / 2;
		if (I[mid].key >= k)
			high = mid - 1;
		else
			low = mid + 1;
	}
	
	i = I[high + 1].link;
	while (i <= I[high + 1].link + s - 1 && R[i].key != k)
	{
		std::cout << R[i].key << std::endl;
		i++;

	}
	if (i <= I[high + 1].link + s - 1)
		return i + 1;		
	else
		return 0;		
}
template <typename T>
void SqListSearchClass<T>::dispR()		//输出顺序表R中的元素
{
	int i;
	for (i = 0; i<length; i++)
		cout << R[i].key << " ";
	cout << endl;
}

主函数：main.cpp

#include "SqListSearch.cpp"					//包含线性表查找类模板的声明
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
	SqListSearchClass<int> s, s1, s2;
	int k = 7, i;
	int A[] = { 3, 9, 1, 5, 8, 10, 6, 7, 2, 4 }, n1 = 10;
	int B[] = { 2, 4, 7, 9, 10, 14, 18, 26, 32, 40 }, n2 = 10;
	int C[] = { 8, 14, 6, 9, 10, 22, 34, 18, 19, 31, 40, 38, 54, 66, 46, 71, 78, 68, 80, 85, 100, 94, 88, 96 }, n3 = 24, b = 5;
	//===========顺序查找
	s.SetK(A, n1);
	cout << "关键字序列:"; 
	s.dispR();
	i = s.SeqSearch(k);
	if (i>0)
		cout << "顺序查找:第" << i << "个记录的关键字是" << k << endl;
	else
		cout << "顺序查找:未找到关键字" << k << endl;
	
	//==========拆半查找查找=
	k = 7;
	s1.SetK(B, n2);
	cout << "关键字序列:"; 
	s1.dispR();
	i = s1.BinSearch(k);
	if (i>0)
		cout << "拆半查找1:第" << i << "个记录的关键字是" << k << endl;
	else
		cout << "拆半查找1:未找到关键字" << k << endl;

	i = s1.BinSearch1(k);
	if (i>0)
		cout << "拆半查找2:第" << i << "个记录的关键字是" << k << endl;
	else
		cout << "拆半查找2:未找到关键字" << k << endl;
	
	//===========分块查找查找
	k = 87;
	IdxType<int> I[MaxSize];
	I[0].key = 14; I[0].link = 0;
	I[1].key = 34; I[1].link = 5;
	I[2].key = 66; I[2].link = 10;
	I[3].key = 85; I[3].link = 15;
	I[4].key = 100; I[4].link = 20;
	s2.SetK(C, n3);
	cout << "关键字序列:"; 
	s2.dispR();
	i = s2.IdxSearch(I, b, k);
	if (i>0)
		cout << "分块查找:第" << i << "个记录的关键字是" << k << endl;
	else
		cout << "分块查找:未找到关键字" << k << endl;
}