面试题6—重建二叉树

题目：输入某二叉树的前序遍历和中序遍历，请重建该二叉树，假设输入的前序遍历和中序遍历都不包含重复的数字。

代码示例：

头文件：BinaryTree.h

#pragma once
#include<iostream>
struct BinaryTreeNode
{
	int                    m_nValue;
	BinaryTreeNode*        m_pLeft;
	BinaryTreeNode*        m_pRight;
};

BinaryTreeNode* CreateBinaryTreeNode(int value);
void ConnectTreeNodes(BinaryTreeNode* pParent, BinaryTreeNode* pLeft, BinaryTreeNode* pRight);
void PrintTreeNode(BinaryTreeNode* pNode);
void PrintTree(BinaryTreeNode* pRoot);
void DestroyTree(BinaryTreeNode* pRoot);
BinaryTreeNode* ConstructCore(int* startPreorder, int* endPreorder, int* startInorder, int* endInorder);
BinaryTreeNode* Construct(int* preorder, int* inorder, int length);

源文件：BinaryTree.cpp

#include "BinaryTree.h"

BinaryTreeNode* CreateBinaryTreeNode(int value)
{
	BinaryTreeNode* pNode = new BinaryTreeNode();
	pNode->m_nValue = value;
	pNode->m_pLeft = NULL;
	pNode->m_pRight = NULL;
	return pNode;
}

void ConnectTreeNodes(BinaryTreeNode* pParent, BinaryTreeNode* pLeft, BinaryTreeNode* pRight)
{
	if (pParent != NULL)
	{
		pParent->m_pLeft = pLeft;
		pParent->m_pRight = pRight;
	}
}

void PrintTreeNode(BinaryTreeNode* pNode)
{
	if (pNode != NULL)
	{
		printf("value of this node is: %d\n", pNode->m_nValue);

		if (pNode->m_pLeft != NULL)
			printf("value of its left child is: %d.\n", pNode->m_pLeft->m_nValue);
		else
			printf("left child is null.\n");

		if (pNode->m_pRight != NULL)
			printf("value of its right child is: %d.\n", pNode->m_pRight->m_nValue);
		else
			printf("right child is null.\n");
	}
	else
	{
		printf("this node is null.\n");
	}

	printf("\n");
}

void PrintTree(BinaryTreeNode* pRoot)
{
	PrintTreeNode(pRoot); 

	if (pRoot != NULL)
	{
		if (pRoot->m_pLeft != NULL)
			PrintTree(pRoot->m_pLeft);

		if (pRoot->m_pRight != NULL)
			PrintTree(pRoot->m_pRight);
	}
}

void DestroyTree(BinaryTreeNode* pRoot)
{
	if (pRoot != NULL)
	{
		BinaryTreeNode* pLeft = pRoot->m_pLeft;
		BinaryTreeNode* pRight = pRoot->m_pRight;

		delete pRoot;
		pRoot = NULL;

		DestroyTree(pLeft);
		DestroyTree(pRight);
	}
}
BinaryTreeNode* ConstructCore(int* startPreorder, int* endPreorder, int* startInorder, int* endInorder)
{
	// 前序遍历序列的第一个数字是根结点的值
	int rootValue = startPreorder[0];
	BinaryTreeNode* root = new BinaryTreeNode();
	root->m_nValue = rootValue;
	root->m_pLeft = root->m_pRight = NULL;

	if (startPreorder == endPreorder)
	{
		if (startInorder == endInorder && *startPreorder == *startInorder)
			return root;
		else
			throw std::exception("Invalid input.");
	}
	// 在中序遍历中找到根结点的值
	int* rootInorder = startInorder;
	while (rootInorder <= endInorder && *rootInorder != rootValue)
		++rootInorder;
	//------------------
	//rootInorder--;
	//------------------

	if (rootInorder == endInorder && *rootInorder != rootValue)
		throw std::exception("Invalid input.");
	//
	int leftLength = rootInorder - startInorder;
	int* leftPreorderEnd = startPreorder + leftLength;
	if (leftLength > 0)
	{
		// 构建左子树
		root->m_pLeft = ConstructCore(startPreorder + 1, leftPreorderEnd, startInorder, rootInorder - 1);
	}
	if (leftLength < endPreorder - startPreorder)
	{
		// 构建右子树
		root->m_pRight = ConstructCore(leftPreorderEnd + 1, endPreorder, rootInorder + 1, endInorder);
	}
	return root;
}

BinaryTreeNode* Construct(int* preorder, int* inorder, int length)
{
	if (preorder == NULL || inorder == NULL || length <= 0)
		return NULL;
	return ConstructCore(preorder, preorder + length - 1, inorder, inorder + length - 1);
}

主函数：main.cpp

#include "BinaryTree.h"
#include <exception>
// ====================测试代码====================
void Test(char* testName, int* preorder, int* inorder, int length)
{
	if (testName != NULL)
		printf("%s begins:\n", testName);

	printf("The preorder sequence is: ");
	for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i)
		printf("%d ", preorder[i]);
	printf("\n");

	printf("The inorder sequence is: ");
	for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i)
		printf("%d ", inorder[i]);
	printf("\n");

	try
	{
		BinaryTreeNode* root = Construct(preorder, inorder, length);
		PrintTree(root);

		DestroyTree(root);
	}
	catch (std::exception& exception)
	{
		printf("Invalid Input.\n");
	}
}

// 普通二叉树
//              1
//           /     \
//          2       3  
//         /       / \
//        4       5   6
//         \         /
//          7       8
void Test1()
{
	const int length = 8;
	int preorder[length] = { 1, 2, 4, 7, 3, 5, 6, 8 };
	int inorder[length] = { 4, 7, 2, 1, 5, 3, 8, 6 };

	Test("Test1", preorder, inorder, length);
}

// 所有结点都没有右子结点
//            1
//           / 
//          2   
//         / 
//        3 
//       /
//      4
//     /
//    5
void Test2()
{
	const int length = 5;
	int preorder[length] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
	int inorder[length] = { 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 };

	Test("Test2", preorder, inorder, length);
}

// 所有结点都没有左子结点
//            1
//             \ 
//              2   
//               \ 
//                3 
//                 \
//                  4
//                   \
//                    5
void Test3()
{
	const int length = 5;
	int preorder[length] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
	int inorder[length] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };

	Test("Test3", preorder, inorder, length);
}

// 树中只有一个结点
void Test4()
{
	const int length = 1;
	int preorder[length] = { 1 };
	int inorder[length] = { 1 };

	Test("Test4", preorder, inorder, length);
}

// 完全二叉树
//              1
//           /     \
//          2       3  
//         / \     / \
//        4   5   6   7
void Test5()
{
	const int length = 7;
	int preorder[length] = { 1, 2, 4, 5, 3, 6, 7 };
	int inorder[length] = { 4, 2, 5, 1, 6, 3, 7 };

	Test("Test5", preorder, inorder, length);
}

// 输入空指针
void Test6()
{
	Test("Test6", NULL, NULL, 0);
}

// 输入的两个序列不匹配
void Test7()
{
	const int length = 7;
	int preorder[length] = { 1, 2, 4, 5, 3, 6, 7 };
	int inorder[length] = { 4, 2, 8, 0, 6, 3, 7 };

	Test("Test7: for unmatched input", preorder, inorder, length);
}

int main()
{
	/*Test1();
	Test2();
	Test3();
	Test4();
	Test5();
	Test6();*/
	Test7();

	return 0;
}