软件开发中,bug就像家常便饭一样。有了bug就需要修复,在Git中,由于分支是如此的强大,所以,每个bug都可以通过一个新的临时分支来修复,修复后,合并分支,然后将临时分支删除。
当你接到一个修复一个代号101的bug的任务时,很自然地,你想创建一个分支issue-101
来修复它,但是,等等,当前正在dev
上进行的工作还没有提交:
git status
On branch master
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 6 commits.
(use "git push" to publish your local commits)
Changes to be committed:
(use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
modified: ReadMe.txt
Untracked files:
(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
gitskills/
并不是你不想提交,而是工作只进行到一半,还没法提交,预计完成还需1天时间。但是,必须在两个小时内修复该bug,怎么办?
幸好,Git还提供了一个stash
功能,可以把当前工作现场“储藏”起来,等以后恢复现场后继续工作:
git stash
Saved working directory and index state WIP on master: 1353718 merge with no-ff
现在,用git status
查看工作区,就是干净的(除非有没有被Git管理的文件),因此可以放心地创建分支来修复bug。
首先确定要在哪个分支上修复bug,假定需要在master
分支上修复,就从master
创建临时分支:
$ git checkout master
Already on 'master'
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 6 commits.
(use "git push" to publish your local commits)
$ git checkout -b issue-101
Switched to a new branch 'issue-101'
现在修复bug,需要把“Git is free software distributed under the GPL”改为“Git is a free software distributed under the GPL”,然后提交:
$ git add ReadMe.txt
$ git commit -m "fix bug 101"
[issue-101 ba56780] fix bug 101
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
修复完成后,切换到master
分支,并完成合并,最后删除issue-101
分支:
$ git checkout master
Switched to branch 'master'
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 6 commits.
(use "git push" to publish your local commits)
$ git merge --no-ff -m "merged bug fix 101" issue-101
Merge made by the 'recursive' strategy.
ReadMe.txt | 2 +-
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
太棒了,原计划两个小时的bug修复只花了5分钟!现在,是时候接着回到dev
分支干活了!
$ git checkout dev
Switched to branch 'dev'
Administrator@WTI32F0K1TGTCP3 MINGW64 /d/Git (dev)
$ git status
On branch dev
Untracked files:
(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
gitskills/
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
工作区是干净的,刚才的工作现场存到哪去了?用git stash list
命令看看:
$ git stash list
stash@{0}: WIP on master: 1353718 merge with no-ff
工作现场还在,Git把stash内容存在某个地方了,但是需要恢复一下,有两个办法:
一是用git stash apply
恢复,但是恢复后,stash内容并不删除,你需要用git stash drop
来删除;
另一种方式是用git stash pop
,恢复的同时把stash内容也删了:
$ git stash pop
On branch dev
Changes not staged for commit:
(use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
(use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
modified: ReadMe.txt
Untracked files:
(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
gitskills/
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
Dropped refs/stash@{0} (d2177edb840b74db5212193869b7ae221b57c92f)
再用git stash list
查看,就看不到任何stash内容了:
$ git stash list
你可以多次stash,恢复的时候,先用git stash list
查看,然后恢复指定的stash,用命令:
$ git stash apply stash@{0}
小结
修复bug时,我们会通过创建新的bug分支进行修复,然后合并,最后删除;
当手头工作没有完成时,先把工作现场git stash
一下,然后去修复bug,修复后,再git stash pop
,回到工作现场。