java线程间通信 synchronized关键字和Lock接口的使用

线程间通信

主要通过wait()等待和notify()通知实现

多线程编程步骤

1. 创建资源类，在资源类创建属性和操作方法
2. 在资源类操作方法中
   1. 判断
   2. 干活
   3. 通知
3. 创建多个线程，调用资源类方法
4. 防止虚假唤醒问题（wait方法要在while中判断）

例子

有两个线程

实现对一个初始值为0的变量

一个线程对值+1

一个线程对值-1

synchronized关键字实现

class Share{
    private int number = 0;

    public synchronized void incr(){
        //判断
        while (number != 0){
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        //干活
        number++;
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+":"+number);
        //通知其他线程
        this.notifyAll();
    }

    public synchronized void decr(){
        //判断
        while (number != 1){
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        //干活
        number--;
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+":"+number);
        //通知
        this.notifyAll();
    }
}

public class sync {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Share ticket = new Share();
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                while (true){
                    ticket.incr();
                }
            }
        },"加操作").start();

        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                while (true){
                    ticket.decr();
                }
            }
        },"减操作").start();
    }
}

Lock接口实现

class ShareLock{
    private int number = 0;

    private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private Condition condition = lock.newCondition();

    //+1
    public void incr(){
        lock.lock();
        try {
            //判断
            while (number != 0){
                condition.await();
            }
            //干活
            number++;
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+":"+number);
            //通知
            condition.signalAll();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    //-1
    public void desc(){
        lock.lock();

        try {
            //判断
            while (number != 1){
                condition.await();
            }
            //干活
            number--;
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+":"+number);
            //通知
            condition.signalAll();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}

public class lock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ShareLock ticket = new ShareLock();
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                while (true){
                    ticket.incr();
                }
            }
        },"加操作").start();

        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                while (true){
                    ticket.desc();
                }
            }
        },"减操作").start();
    }
}

线程间的定制化通信

例子

启动三个线程，按照一定顺序执行
A线程打印5次，B线程打印10次，C打印15次

进行10轮

class ShareResource{
    //定义标志位
    private int flag = 1;//1 AA 2 BB 3 CC
    //创建lock
    private final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    //创建三个condition
    private final Condition c1 = lock.newCondition();
    private final Condition c2 = lock.newCondition();
    private final Condition c3 = lock.newCondition();

    //打印5次
    public void print5(int loop){
        lock.lock();

        try {
            //判断
            while (flag != 1){
                c1.await();
            }
            //干活
            for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "::" + i + "  轮数：" + loop);
            }
            //通知
            flag = 2;
            c2.signal();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    //打印10次
    public void print10(int loop){
        lock.lock();

        try {
            //判断
            while (flag != 2){
                c2.await();
            }
            //干活
            for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "::" + i + "  轮数：" + loop);
            }
            //通知
            flag = 3;
            c3.signal();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    //打印15次
    public void print15(int loop){
        lock.lock();

        try {
            //判断
            while (flag != 3){
                c3.await();
            }
            //干活
            for (int i = 1; i <= 15; i++) {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "::" + i + "  轮数：" + loop);
            }
            //通知
            flag = 1;
            c1.signal();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}

public class customize {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ShareResource shareResource = new ShareResource();
        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
                shareResource.print5(i);
            }
        },"A1").start();

        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
                shareResource.print10(i);
            }
        },"B2").start();

        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
                shareResource.print15(i);
            }
        },"C3").start();
    }
}