java集合线程不安全 ConcurrentModificationException异常解决

ArrayList线程不安全

一边存数据一边取数据，ArrayList会产生异常

public class ThreadDemo1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();

        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    //集合添加内容
                    list.add(UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(0,8));
                    //集合获取内容
                    System.out.println(list);
                }
            },String.valueOf(i)).start();
        }
    }
}
//------------------------
//异常情况
Exception in thread "8" java.util.ConcurrentModificationException
	at java.util.ArrayList$Itr.checkForComodification(ArrayList.java:909)
	at java.util.ArrayList$Itr.next(ArrayList.java:859)
	at java.util.AbstractCollection.toString(AbstractCollection.java:461)
	at java.lang.String.valueOf(String.java:2994)
	at java.io.PrintStream.println(PrintStream.java:821)
	at com.mengyh.collection.ThreadDemo1$1.run(ThreadDemo1.java:22)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)

Process finished with exit code 0

方法一：Vector解决

public class ThreadDemo1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = new Vector<>();

        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    //集合添加内容
                    list.add(UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(0,8));
                    //集合获取内容
                    System.out.println(list);
                }
            },String.valueOf(i)).start();
        }
    }
}

方法二：Collections工具类

使用synchronizedList

public class ThreadDemo1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<>());

        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    //集合添加内容
                    list.add(UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(0,8));
                    //集合获取内容
                    System.out.println(list);
                }
            },String.valueOf(i)).start();
        }
    }
}

⭐方法三：CopyOnWriteArrayList

写时复制技术

支持并发读，独立写

原理：写的时候复制一份数据进行写，写后合并，读新的数据

public class ThreadDemo1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();

        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    //集合添加内容
                    list.add(UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(0,8));
                    //集合获取内容
                    System.out.println(list);
                }
            },String.valueOf(i)).start();
        }
    }
}

HashSet和HashMap线程不安全

public class ThreadDemo2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Set<String> set = new HashSet<>();
        //Map<String ,String> map = new HashMap<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
            new Thread(() -> {
                //写
                set.add(UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(0,8));
                //读
                System.out.println(set);
            },String.valueOf(i)).start();
        }
    }
}
//-------
//异常情况
java.util.ConcurrentModificationException
	at java.util.HashMap$HashIterator.nextNode(HashMap.java:1442)
	at java.util.HashMap$KeyIterator.next(HashMap.java:1466)
	at java.util.AbstractCollection.toString(AbstractCollection.java:461)
	at java.lang.String.valueOf(String.java:2994)
	at java.io.PrintStream.println(PrintStream.java:821)
	at com.mengyh.collection.ThreadDemo2.lambda$main$0(ThreadDemo2.java:19)

CopyOnWriteArraySet

public class ThreadDemo2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Set<String> set = new CopyOnWriteArraySet<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
            new Thread(() -> {
                //写
                set.add(UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(0,8));
                //读
                System.out.println(set);
            },String.valueOf(i)).start();
        }
    }
}

ConcurrentHashMap

public class ThreadDemo2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Map<String ,String> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
            String key = String.valueOf(i);
            new Thread(() -> {
                //写
                map.put(key,UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(0,8));
                //读
                System.out.println(map);
            },String.valueOf(i)).start();
        }
    }
}