Windows客户端开发--WMI技术介绍

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最新推荐文章于 2024-04-20 10:15:23 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/sfhinsc/article/details/87518884

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本文深入探讨Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI)，一种强大的系统管理工具，用于收集和操作计算机硬件及软件信息。通过示例代码展示如何使用WMI查询操作系统详情。

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想要获得计算机硬件的详细信息，我们可以使用WMI。

今天就作为开篇，谈一谈什么是WMI？
Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) is a scalable system management infrastructure that uses a single, consistent, standards-based, extensible, object-oriented interface. WMI provides you with a standard way to interact with system management information and the underlying WMI APIs. WMI is used primarily by system management application developers and administrators to access and manipulate system management information.

The purpose of WMI is to provide a standardized means for managing your computer system, be it a local computer or all the computers in an enterprise. In its simplest terms, management is little more than collecting data about the state of a managed object on the computer system and altering the state of the managed object by changing the data stored about the object. A managed object can be a hardware entity, such as a memory array, port, or disk drive. It can also be a software entity, such as a service, user account, or page file.

WMI can manage the many components of a computer system. In managing a hard disk, you can use WMI to monitor the amount of free space remaining on the disk. You could also use WMI to remotely alter the state of the drive by deleting files, changing file security, or partitioning or formatting the drive.

WMI is not only a powerful tool to collect system information, it is also very easy to use. Existing scripting WMI interface makes it possible to be used for system administrators and web-designers as well as for skilled programmers.

WMI的全称是Windows Management Instrumentation，即Windows管理工具。它是Windows操作系统中管理数据和操作的基础模块。我们可以通过WMI脚本或者应用程序去管理本地或者远程计算机上的资源。对于VC和汇编程序员，想获取诸如CPU序列号和硬盘序列号等信息是非常容易的。但是对于VB以及其他一些脚本语言，想尝试获取系统中一些硬件信息可能就没那么容易了。微软为了能达到一种通用性目的（遵守某些行业标准），设计了WMI。它提供了一个通过操作系统、网络和企业环境去管理本地或远程计算机的统一接口集。应用程序和脚本语言使用这套接口集去完成任务，而不是直接通过Windows API。可能有人要问，为什么不让设计的脚本直接在底层使用Windows API，而非要弄个新的技术呢？原因是在目前Windows API中，有些是不支持远程调用或者脚本调用的。这样通过统一模型的WMI，像VB和脚本语言就可以去访问部分系统信息了。但是并不是所有脚本语言都可以使用WMI技术：它要支持ActiveX技术。

先上一个官方的例子：

#define _WIN32_DCOM#include <iostream>using namespace std;#include <comdef.h>#include <Wbemidl.h>#pragma comment(lib, "wbemuuid.lib")int main(int argc, char **argv){    HRESULT hres;    // Step 1: --------------------------------------------------    // Initialize COM. ------------------------------------------    hres =  CoInitializeEx(0, COINIT_MULTITHREADED);     if (FAILED(hres))    {        cout << "Failed to initialize COM library. Error code = 0x"             << hex << hres << endl;        return 1;                  // Program has failed.    }    // Step 2: --------------------------------------------------    // Set general COM security levels --------------------------    hres =  CoInitializeSecurity(        NULL,         -1,                          // COM authentication        NULL,                        // Authentication services        NULL,                        // Reserved        RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_DEFAULT,   // Default authentication         RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, // Default Impersonation          NULL,                        // Authentication info        EOAC_NONE,                   // Additional capabilities         NULL                         // Reserved        );    if (FAILED(hres))    {        cout << "Failed to initialize security. Error code = 0x"             << hex << hres << endl;        CoUninitialize();        return 1;                    // Program has failed.    }    // Step 3: ---------------------------------------------------    // Obtain the initial locator to WMI -------------------------    IWbemLocator *pLoc = NULL;    hres = CoCreateInstance(        CLSID_WbemLocator,                     0,         CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,         IID_IWbemLocator, (LPVOID *) &pLoc);    if (FAILED(hres))    {        cout << "Failed to create IWbemLocator object."            << " Err code = 0x"            << hex << hres << endl;        CoUninitialize();        return 1;                 // Program has failed.    }    // Step 4: -----------------------------------------------------    // Connect to WMI through the IWbemLocator::ConnectServer method    IWbemServices *pSvc = NULL;    // Connect to the root\cimv2 namespace with    // the current user and obtain pointer pSvc    // to make IWbemServices calls.    hres = pLoc->ConnectServer(         _bstr_t(L"ROOT\\CIMV2"), // Object path of WMI namespace         NULL,                    // User name. NULL = current user         NULL,                    // User password. NULL = current         0,                       // Locale. NULL indicates current         NULL,                    // Security flags.         0,                       // Authority (for example, Kerberos)         0,                       // Context object          &pSvc                    // pointer to IWbemServices proxy         );    if (FAILED(hres))    {        cout << "Could not connect. Error code = 0x"              << hex << hres << endl;        pLoc->Release();             CoUninitialize();        return 1;                // Program has failed.    }    cout << "Connected to ROOT\\CIMV2 WMI namespace" << endl;    // Step 5: --------------------------------------------------    // Set security levels on the proxy -------------------------    hres = CoSetProxyBlanket(       pSvc,                        // Indicates the proxy to set       RPC_C_AUTHN_WINNT,           // RPC_C_AUTHN_xxx       RPC_C_AUTHZ_NONE,            // RPC_C_AUTHZ_xxx       NULL,                        // Server principal name        RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_CALL,      // RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_xxx        RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, // RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_xxx       NULL,                        // client identity       EOAC_NONE                    // proxy capabilities     );    if (FAILED(hres))    {        cout << "Could not set proxy blanket. Error code = 0x"             << hex << hres << endl;        pSvc->Release();        pLoc->Release();             CoUninitialize();        return 1;               // Program has failed.    }    // Step 6: --------------------------------------------------    // Use the IWbemServices pointer to make requests of WMI ----    // For example, get the name of the operating system    IEnumWbemClassObject* pEnumerator = NULL;    hres = pSvc->ExecQuery(        bstr_t("WQL"),         bstr_t("SELECT * FROM Win32_OperatingSystem"),        WBEM_FLAG_FORWARD_ONLY | WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,         NULL,        &pEnumerator);    if (FAILED(hres))    {        cout << "Query for operating system name failed."            << " Error code = 0x"             << hex << hres << endl;        pSvc->Release();        pLoc->Release();        CoUninitialize();        return 1;               // Program has failed.    }    // Step 7: -------------------------------------------------    // Get the data from the query in step 6 -------------------    IWbemClassObject *pclsObj = NULL;    ULONG uReturn = 0;    while (pEnumerator)    {        HRESULT hr = pEnumerator->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, 1,             &pclsObj, &uReturn);        if(0 == uReturn)        {            break;        }        VARIANT vtProp;        // Get the value of the Name property        hr = pclsObj->Get(L"Name", 0, &vtProp, 0, 0);        wcout << " OS Name : " << vtProp.bstrVal << endl;        VariantClear(&vtProp);        pclsObj->Release();    }    // Cleanup    // ========    pSvc->Release();    pLoc->Release();    pEnumerator->Release();    CoUninitialize();    return 0;   // Program successfully completed.}
  
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