1、SpringMVC自动配置概览
Spring Boot provides auto-configuration for Spring MVC that works well with most applications.(大多场景我们都无需自定义配置)
2、简单功能分析
2.1 静态资源访问
2.1.1 静态资源目录
只要静态资源放在类路径下: /static 或者 /public 或者 /META-INF/resources 或者 /resources
访问 : 当前项目根路径/ + 静态资源名
原理: 静态映射/**。
请求进来,先去找Controller看能不能处理。不能处理的所有请求又都交给静态资源处理器。静态资源也找不到则响应404页面
改变默认的静态资源路径:即静态资源存放的位置,通过静态资源访问的url,自动到静态资源路径下去查找。一般可以不用设置,存放到static文件夹下。
spring:
mvc:
static-path-pattern: /res/**
web:
resources:
static-locations:
- classpath:/pic/
2.1.2 静态资源访问前缀
默认无前缀,static-path-pattern设置了访问静态资源的url格式,只有按照static-path-pattern的url才能访问到静态资源路径下的静态资源。
spring:
mvc:
static-path-pattern: /res/**
2.1.3 webjar
自动映射 /webjars/**
WebJars - Web Libraries in Jars
<dependency>
<groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
<artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
<version>3.5.1</version>
</dependency>
访问地址:http://localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.js 后面地址要按照依赖里面的包路径
2.2 欢迎页支持
- 静态资源路径下 index.html
- 可以配置静态资源的路径,即static-location。
- 但是不能设置静态资源访问前缀,否则会导致index.html无法访问。
spring:
# mvc:
# static-path-pattern: /res/** 这个会导致welcome page功能失效
resources:
static-locations: [classpath:/haha/]
- controller可以处理/index
2.3 自定义Favicon
favicon.ico 放在静态资源目录下即可。
spring:
# mvc:
# static-path-pattern: /res/** 这个会导致 Favicon 功能失效
2.4 静态资源配置原理
- SpringBoot启动默认加载 XXXAutoConfiguration类(自动配置类)
- SpringBootMVC功能的自动配置类 WebMvcAutoConfiguration,生效。在启动项目的时候,配置类里的组件就完成了初始化,并且注入到了容器。
Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class, WebMvcConfigurer.class 这些类,在引入webmvc依赖的时候就已经注入到容器中了。
通过SpringBoot的启动类的@Import(AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class)注解,将每个包下的META-INF/spring.factories中的类注入到容器。
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET)
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class, WebMvcConfigurer.class })
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class)
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10)
@AutoConfigureAfter({ DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class, TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration.class,
ValidationAutoConfiguration.class })
public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {}
- 给容器中配了什么
其中有一个静态内部类
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@Import(EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class)
@EnableConfigurationProperties({ WebMvcProperties.class, ResourceProperties.class })
@Order(0)
public static class WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter implements WebMvcConfigurer {}
配置文件的相关属性和XXX进行了绑定。
WebMvcProperties===spring.mvc
ResourceProperties===spring.resources
2.4.1 配置类只有一个有参构造器
//有参构造器所有参数的值都会从容器中确定
//ResourceProperties resourceProperties;获取和spring.resources绑定的所有的值的对象
//WebMvcProperties mvcProperties 获取和spring.mvc绑定的所有的值的对象
//ListableBeanFactory beanFactory Spring的beanFactory
//HttpMessageConverters 找到所有的HttpMessageConverters
//ResourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizer 找到 资源处理器的自定义器。=========
//DispatcherServletPath
//ServletRegistrationBean 给应用注册Servlet、Filter....
public WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter(ResourceProperties resourceProperties, WebMvcProperties mvcProperties,
ListableBeanFactory beanFactory, ObjectProvider<HttpMessageConverters> messageConvertersProvider,
ObjectProvider<ResourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizer> resourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizerProvider,
ObjectProvider<DispatcherServletPath> dispatcherServletPath,
ObjectProvider<ServletRegistrationBean<?>> servletRegistrations) {
this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
this.mvcProperties = mvcProperties;
this.beanFactory = beanFactory;
this.messageConvertersProvider = messageConvertersProvider;
this.resourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizer = resourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizerProvider.getIfAvailable();
this.dispatcherServletPath = dispatcherServletPath;
this.servletRegistrations = servletRegistrations;
}
2.4.2 资源处理的默认规则
@Override
public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
return;
}
Duration cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCache().getPeriod();
CacheControl cacheControl = this.resourceProperties.getCache().getCachecontrol().toHttpCacheControl();
//webjars的规则
if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
.addResourceLocations("classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/")
.setCachePeriod(getSeconds(cachePeriod)).setCacheControl(cacheControl));
}
//
String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();
if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern)
.addResourceLocations(getResourceLocations(this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations()))
.setCachePeriod(getSeconds(cachePeriod)).setCacheControl(cacheControl));
}
}
在启动项目的时候,就配置完成了资源处理的默认规则。
第一种:若是请求路径为/webjars/**,则会到classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/下去寻找对应的静态资源。
例如:访问地址:http://localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.js,
** 这里是jquery/3.5.1/jquery.js,对应META-INF/resources/webjars/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.js
第二种:请求是staticPathPattern,就会去staticLocations 路径下寻找。
spring:
# mvc:
# static-path-pattern: /res/**
resources:
add-mappings: false 禁用所有静态资源规则
默认的staticLocations 如下:
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.resources", ignoreUnknownFields = false)
public class ResourceProperties {
private static final String[] CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS = { "classpath:/META-INF/resources/",
"classpath:/resources/", "classpath:/static/", "classpath:/public/" };
/**
* Locations of static resources. Defaults to classpath:[/META-INF/resources/,
* /resources/, /static/, /public/].
*/
private String[] staticLocations = CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS;
2.4.3 欢迎页的处理规则
HandlerMapping:处理器映射。保存了每一个Handler能处理哪些请求。
@Bean
public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping(ApplicationContext applicationContext,
FormattingConversionService mvcConversionService, ResourceUrlProvider mvcResourceUrlProvider) {
WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping = new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(
new TemplateAvailabilityProviders(applicationContext), applicationContext, getWelcomePage(),
this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern());
welcomePageHandlerMapping.setInterceptors(getInterceptors(mvcConversionService, mvcResourceUrlProvider));
welcomePageHandlerMapping.setCorsConfigurations(getCorsConfigurations());
return welcomePageHandlerMapping;
}
//WelcomePageHandlerMapping 构造方法
WelcomePageHandlerMapping(TemplateAvailabilityProviders templateAvailabilityProviders,
ApplicationContext applicationContext, Optional<Resource> welcomePage, String staticPathPattern) {
if (welcomePage.isPresent() && "/**".equals(staticPathPattern)) {
//要用欢迎页功能,必须是/**
logger.info("Adding welcome page: " + welcomePage.get());
setRootViewName("forward:index.html");
}
else if (welcomeTemplateExists(templateAvailabilityProviders, applicationContext)) {
// 调用Controller /index
logger.info("Adding welcome page template: index");
setRootViewName("index");
}
}