共享模型之无锁——Unsafe

名字虽然叫Unsafe,但并不是线程不安全，而是因为他会操作内存，操作线程，不建议开发人员使用。

概述

Unsafe 对象提供了非常底层的，操作内存、线程的方法，Unsafe 对象不能直接调用，只能通过反射获得

public class UnsafeAccessor {
    static Unsafe unsafe;
    static {
        try {
            Field theUnsafe = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe");
            theUnsafe.setAccessible(true);
            unsafe = (Unsafe) theUnsafe.get(null);
        } catch (NoSuchFieldException | IllegalAccessException e) {
            throw new Error(e);
        }
    }
    static Unsafe getUnsafe() {
        return unsafe;
    }
}

Unsafe CAS 操作

我们使用Unsafe的cas操作，来线程安全的对Teacher对象的成员变量进行修改。
因为更底层，所有要更麻烦。

public class TestUnsafe {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {
        Field theUnsafe = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe");  // getDeclaredField反射获得私有成员变量
        theUnsafe.setAccessible(true);   // 允许访问私有成员变量
        Unsafe unsafe = (Unsafe) theUnsafe.get(null);   //theUnsafe成员变量是静态的，静态成员变量从属于类，不从属于对象，所以直接传null值

        System.out.println(unsafe);

        // 1. 获取域的偏移地址
        long idOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(Teacher.class.getDeclaredField("id"));
        long nameOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(Teacher.class.getDeclaredField("name"));

        Teacher t = new Teacher();
        // 2. 执行 cas 操作
        unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(t, idOffset, 0, 1);
        unsafe.compareAndSwapObject(t, nameOffset, null, "张三");

        // 3. 验证
        System.out.println(t);
    }
}
@Data
class Teacher {
    volatile int id;
    volatile String name;
}

输出

sun.misc.Unsafe@4d7e1886
Teacher(id=1, name=张三)

使用自定义的 AtomicData 实现之前线程安全的原子整数 Account 实现

class AtomicData {
    private volatile int data;
    static final Unsafe unsafe;
    static final long DATA_OFFSET;
    static {
        unsafe = UnsafeAccessor.getUnsafe();
        try {
            // data 属性在 DataContainer 对象中的偏移量，用于 Unsafe 直接访问该属性
            DATA_OFFSET = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(AtomicData.class.getDeclaredField("data"));
        } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
            throw new Error(e);
        }
    }
    public AtomicData(int data) {
        this.data = data;
    }
    public void decrease(int amount) {
        int oldValue;
        while(true) {
            // 获取共享变量旧值，可以在这一行加入断点，修改 data 调试来加深理解
            oldValue = data;
            // cas 尝试修改 data 为 旧值 + amount，如果期间旧值被别的线程改了，返回 false
            if (unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(this, DATA_OFFSET, oldValue, oldValue - amount)) {
                return;
            }
        }
    }
    public int getData() {
        return data;
    }
}

Account 实现

Account.demo(new Account() {
    AtomicData atomicData = new AtomicData(10000);
    @Override
    public Integer getBalance() {
        return atomicData.getData();
    }
    @Override
    public void withdraw(Integer amount) {
        atomicData.decrease(amount);
    }
});