Kernel顶层Makefile文件分析

注： 基于Linux 2.6.25

新函数 origin函数 简介：函数origin并不操作变量的值，只是告诉你这个变量是来自哪里 语法：$(origin <variable>) 返回值： "undefined":在这前还没有定已过 "default":默认的定义。。不太明白 "environment":来自环境变量 "file":变量被定义在makefile文件内 "commandline":是在环境变量中定义 "override":是被override指示符重新定义的 "automatic":是一个命令运行中的自动化变量，这个也不太懂 error函数 简介：输出错误信息，并且退出执行 语法： $(error <String>) shell函数 简介：执行shell命令 语法： $(shell <Shell Command String>) if 函数 简介: 一个简单if else 语法： if <condition>,<then-part> if <condition>,<then-part>,<else-part> ?= 条件复制 简介： 如果变量在之前未赋值，则对他赋值 语法: VAR1 ?= $ = 赋值 := 赋值 += 赋值 语法：$(findstring <targetStr>, <srcStr>) 描述：在srcStr中查找targetStr，如果找到回返回些什么，如果没找到，返回空 语法：$(dir <filepath>) 描述：获取filepath中的目录部分，如/foo/bar.c，返回/foo 语法：$(notdir <filepath>) 描述：获取filepath中除去目录的部分，如/foo/bar.c，返回bar.c 语法：$(basename <filepath>) 描述：去掉filepath中的.extension扩展名

VERSION = 2               #主版本号 PATCHLEVEL = 6            #次版本号 SUBLEVEL = 25             #子版本号 EXTRAVERSION =            #额外版本号 NAME = Funky Weasel is Jiggy wit it    #此版本的名字 # *DOCUMENTATION* # To see a list of typical targets execute "make help" # More info can be located in ./README # Comments in this file are targeted only to the developer, do not # expect to learn how to build the kernel reading this file. # Do not: # o  use make's built-in rules and variables #    (this increases performance and avoids hard-to-debug behaviour); # o  print "Entering directory ..."; MAKEFLAGS += -rR --no-print-directory  # 设置Make不使用内置的规则和变量，并且在递归进行编译的时候，不打印"Entering directory" # We are using a recursive build, so we need to do a little thinking # to get the ordering right. # # Most importantly: sub-Makefiles should only ever modify files in # their own directory. If in some directory we have a dependency on # a file in another dir (which doesn't happen often, but it's often # unavoidable when linking the built-in.o targets which finally # turn into vmlinux), we will call a sub make in that other dir, and # after that we are sure that everything which is in that other dir # is now up to date. # # The only cases where we need to modify files which have global # effects are thus separated out and done before the recursive # descending is started. They are now explicitly listed as the # prepare rule. # To put more focus on warnings, be less verbose as default # Use 'make V=1' to see the full commands # 设置打印消息级别，通过调用make 时添加的参数V=NUM来修改 ifdef V   ifeq ("$(origin V)", "command line")     KBUILD_VERBOSE = $(V)   endif endif # 默认的KBUILD_VERBOSE的值被设置为0，也就意味着在编译过程中，只输出 ifndef KBUILD_VERBOSE   KBUILD_VERBOSE = 0 endif # Call a source code checker (by default, "sparse") as part of the # C compilation. # # Use 'make C=1' to enable checking of only re-compiled files. # Use 'make C=2' to enable checking of *all* source files, regardless # of whether they are re-compiled or not. # # See the file "Documentation/sparse.txt" for more details, including # where to get the "sparse" utility. # 设置语法检查级别,默认级别为0 ifdef C   ifeq ("$(origin C)", "command line")     KBUILD_CHECKSRC = $(C)   endif endif ifndef KBUILD_CHECKSRC    KBUILD_CHECKSRC = 0 endif # Use make M=dir to specify directory of external module to build # Old syntax make ... SUBDIRS=$PWD is still supported # Setting the environment variable KBUILD_EXTMOD take precedence # 下面是为了支持旧语法格式的Makefile的设置，不用理。 ifdef SUBDIRS   KBUILD_EXTMOD ?= $(SUBDIRS) endif ifdef M   ifeq ("$(origin M)", "command line")      KBUILD_EXTMOD := $(M)   endif endif # kbuild supports saving output files in a separate directory. # To locate output files in a separate directory two syntaxes are supported. # In both cases the working directory must be the root of the kernel src. # 1) O= # Use "make O=dir/to/store/output/files/" # # 2) Set KBUILD_OUTPUT # Set the environment variable KBUILD_OUTPUT to point to the directory # where the output files shall be placed. # export KBUILD_OUTPUT=dir/to/store/output/files/ # make # # The O= assignment takes precedence over the KBUILD_OUTPUT environment # variable. #上面这里是介绍可以设置kbuild过程中的输出文件目的地址，有两种方式，一种是在make 参数中设置(make -O dir),第二种方式是设置环境变量(export KBUILD_OUTPU=dir) # KBUILD_SRC is set on invocation of make in OBJ directory # KBUILD_SRC is not intended to be used by the regular user (for now) ifeq ($(KBUILD_SRC),)  #如果KBUILD_SRC值为空，就执行下面的操作，正常情况下要执行 #上面说的这个功能当前对一般用户没有用，那就先不理了 # OK, Make called in directory where kernel src resides # Do we want to locate output files in a separate directory? #这个不是应该是和上面那大堆注释对应的吗？怎么放到了这里。。功能就是如果命令行中定义了O变量来修改输出目录，就用用户定义的这个目录。 ifdef O   ifeq ("$(origin O)", "command line")     KBUILD_OUTPUT := $(O)   endif endif # That's our default target when none is given on the command line #这里不太懂，大概意思是如果make没有给出任意参数，就执行这个默认的 PHONY := _all _all: # Cancel implicit rules on top Makefile #取消隐式推倒原则，不懂有什么用 $(CURDIR)/Makefile Makefile: ; # 如果输出目录值不为空，正常情况下进入 ifneq ($(KBUILD_OUTPUT),) # Invoke a second make in the output directory, passing relevant variables # check that the output directory actually exists # 上面说在输出目录中执行第二个make命令，传入相关变量，并且检查输出目录是否存在 # 下面的 saved-output := $(KBUILD_OUTPUT) KBUILD_OUTPUT := $(shell cd $(KBUILD_OUTPUT) && /bin/pwd) $(if $(KBUILD_OUTPUT),, \      $(error output directory "$(saved-output)" does not exist)) # MAKECMDGOALS 是make的一个环境变量，保存所有目标列表 # 下面这个命令将所有指明的目标列表和sub-make加入到PHONY中 PHONY += $(MAKECMDGOALS) sub-make # 下面这个命令很是不明白，大概是用来过滤，太复杂了 # 简单分析下，过滤掉MAKECMDGOALS中的_all sub-make和$(CURDIR)/Makefile，并将它们都赋值为sub-make $(filter-out _all sub-make $(CURDIR)/Makefile, $(MAKECMDGOALS)) _all: sub-make $(Q)@: # 这个就是sub-make的值，大致就是将顶层Makefile定义的规则传给下层文件夹中的Makefile中 sub-make: FORCE $(if $(KBUILD_VERBOSE:1=),@)$(MAKE) -C $(KBUILD_OUTPUT) \ KBUILD_SRC=$(CURDIR) \ KBUILD_EXTMOD="$(KBUILD_EXTMOD)" -f $(CURDIR)/Makefile \ $(filter-out _all sub-make,$(MAKECMDGOALS)) # Leave processing to above invocation of make # 表示执行完了子makefile,返回顶层make skip-makefile := 1 endif # ifneq ($(KBUILD_OUTPUT),)  #结束ifneq endif # ifeq ($(KBUILD_SRC),)      #结束ifeq # We process the rest of the Makefile if this is the final invocation of make # 表示如果skip-makefile为空，这按照分类执行，也就是不是整体进行make ifeq ($(skip-makefile),) # If building an external module we do not care about the all: rule # but instead _all depend on modules # 如果make 外部模块，就不用执行all,之编译模块就可以了 PHONY += all ifeq ($(KBUILD_EXTMOD),) _all: all else _all: modules endif # 将srctree设置为源码根目录 srctree := $(if $(KBUILD_SRC),$(KBUILD_SRC),$(CURDIR)) TOPDIR := $(srctree) # FIXME - TOPDIR is obsolete, use srctree/objtree # 将objtree设定位当前目录 objtree := $(CURDIR) # 将src设置为源码根目录 src := $(srctree) 将obj设定位当前目录 obj := $(objtree) VPATH := $(srctree)$(if $(KBUILD_EXTMOD),:$(KBUILD_EXTMOD)) # 将上面这些变量输出为环境变量,可以给子makefile贡献 export srctree objtree VPATH TOPDIR # SUBARCH tells the usermode build what the underlying arch is.  That is set # first, and if a usermode build is happening, the "ARCH=um" on the command # line overrides the setting of ARCH below.  If a native build is happening, # then ARCH is assigned, getting whatever value it gets normally, and  # SUBARCH is subsequently ignored. # 获取CPU的具体型号，存在SUBARCH中，SUBARCH代表Host的架构 # sed -e -s/i.86/i386,表示匹配i.86的用i386替换 SUBARCH := $(shell uname -m | sed -e s/i.86/i386/ -e s/sun4u/sparc64/ \   -e s/arm.*/arm/ -e s/sa110/arm/ \   -e s/s390x/s390/ -e s/parisc64/parisc/ \   -e s/ppc.*/powerpc/ -e s/mips.*/mips/ \   -e s/sh.*/sh/ ) # Cross compiling and selecting different set of gcc/bin-utils # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # When performing cross compilation for other architectures ARCH shall be set # to the target architecture. (See arch/* for the possibilities). # ARCH can be set during invocation of make: # make ARCH=ia64 # Another way is to have ARCH set in the environment. # The default ARCH is the host where make is executed. # 当执行交叉编译的时候，要将ARCH的值设置为目标的架构，支持的交媾可以在arch目录下看到 # ARCH可以在执行make命令时设置，如make ARCH=arm # 默认的ARCH是和Host相同 # CROSS_COMPILE specify the prefix used for all executables used # during compilation. Only gcc and related bin-utils executables # are prefixed with $(CROSS_COMPILE). # CROSS_COMPILE can be set on the command line # make CROSS_COMPILE=ia64-linux- # Alternatively CROSS_COMPILE can be set in the environment. # Default value for CROSS_COMPILE is not to prefix executables # Note: Some architectures assign CROSS_COMPILE in their arch/*/Makefile # 下面是处理交叉编译这块的，交叉编译需要知道Host的架构和Target的架构吧 # CROSS_COMPILE是编译时所有命令的前缀，可以在执行make的时候指定如make CROSS_COMPILE=ia64-linux- # CROSS_COMPILE也可以通过环境变量来设定 # 默认情况下是不需要CROSS_COMPILE来执行的，也就是不交叉编译 export KBUILD_BUILDHOST := $(SUBARCH)  # 将Host架构与子Make共享 ARCH ?= $(SUBARCH)   # 默认Host的架构与Target架构相同 CROSS_COMPILE ?=              # 默认CROSS_COMPILE为空 #下面不知哪里调用 # Architecture as present in compile.h UTS_MACHINE  := $(ARCH) SRCARCH  := $(ARCH) #对x86结构的特殊照顾，不明白原因 # Additional ARCH settings for x86 ifeq ($(ARCH),i386)         SRCARCH := x86 endif ifeq ($(ARCH),x86_64)         SRCARCH := x86 endif # 声称的配置文件名 KCONFIG_CONFIG ?= .config # 设定kbuild使用的Shell # SHELL used by kbuild CONFIG_SHELL := $(shell if [ -x "$$BASH" ]; then echo $$BASH; \   else if [ -x /bin/bash ]; then echo /bin/bash; \   else echo sh; fi ; fi) # 设定编译器，和全局编译FLAGS HOSTCC       = gcc HOSTCXX      = g++ HOSTCFLAGS   = -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer HOSTCXXFLAGS = -O2 # Decide whether to build built-in, modular, or both. # Normally, just do built-in. # 下面决定是只编译build-in或modular,也可两个都编译 # 通常情况下，只编译built-in KBUILD_MODULES := KBUILD_BUILTIN := 1  # 编译built-in # If we have only "make modules", don't compile built-in objects. # When we're building modules with modversions, we need to consider # the built-in objects during the descend as well, in order to # make sure the checksums are up to date before we record them. # 如果只是make modules的话，就不要编译built-in objects #  # 如果执行的是 make modules ，则在这里重新设置KBUILD_BUILTIN := 1 ifeq ($(MAKECMDGOALS),modules)   KBUILD_BUILTIN := $(if $(CONFIG_MODVERSIONS),1) endif # If we have "make <whatever> modules", compile modules # in addition to whatever we do anyway. # Just "make" or "make all" shall build modules as well #  # 如果执行的是make all/_all/modules有额外goal，则KBUILD_MODULES := 1 ifneq ($(filter all _all modules,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),)   KBUILD_MODULES := 1 endif # 只执行make，KBUILD_MODULES := 1 ifeq ($(MAKECMDGOALS),)   KBUILD_MODULES := 1 endif # 导出给子make export KBUILD_MODULES KBUILD_BUILTIN export KBUILD_CHECKSRC KBUILD_SRC KBUILD_EXTMOD # Beautify output # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # Normally, we echo the whole command before executing it. By making # that echo $($(quiet)$(cmd)), we now have the possibility to set # $(quiet) to choose other forms of output instead, e.g. # #         quiet_cmd_cc_o_c = Compiling $(RELDIR)/$@       这个是简化版的输出 #         cmd_cc_o_c       = $(CC) $(c_flags) -c -o $@ $<   这个是原版的输出 # # If $(quiet) is empty, the whole command will be printed. # If it is set to "quiet_", only the short version will be printed.  # If it is set to "silent_", nothing will be printed at all, since # the variable $(silent_cmd_cc_o_c) doesn't exist. # # 下面这里不太清楚， $(Q)用作前缀，如果$(Q)=@表示不回显，为空表示回显 # A simple variant is to prefix commands with $(Q) - that's useful # for commands that shall be hidden in non-verbose mode. # # $(Q)ln $@ :< # # If KBUILD_VERBOSE equals 0 then the above command will be hidden. # If KBUILD_VERBOSE equals 1 then the above command is displayed. # 美化编译过程中输出 # 如果$(quiet)为空，则输出原版编译命令 # 如果$(quiet)为quiet_，则输出简化版本的 # 如果$(quiet)为silent_，则任何都不输出，因为slient_cmd_cc_o_cc根本不存在 # 不过有个全局的控制，如果KBUILD_VERBOSE为0，则输出简化版本，如果为1，则输出简化版本 ifeq ($(KBUILD_VERBOSE),1)   quiet =   Q = else   quiet=quiet_   Q = @ endif # If the user is running make -s (silent mode), suppress echoing of # commands # 如果用户用户调用make -s，也就是slient模式，设