Spring 多个配置文件

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如果你有多个配置文件该怎么办呢？很简单，初始化容器时允许我们传入多个文件，下面是一个简单的例子。
首先，定义两个类。

package shangbo.spring.core.example15;

public class OutPutService {

	public void outPut(String msg) {
		System.out.println(msg);
	}

}

package shangbo.spring.core.example15;

public class InPutService {

	public String getMessage() {
		return "Hello World";
	}

}

然后定义两个 XML 配置文件，用来告诉 Spring 需要创建哪些对象以及如何创建对象。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

	<bean class="shangbo.spring.core.example15.OutPutService"/>

</beans>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

	<bean class="shangbo.spring.core.example15.InPutService"/>

</beans>

最后定义一个客户端测试类。

package shangbo.spring.core.example15;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class App {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// 实例化 Spring IoC 容器，一次读取多个配置文件
		ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[] { "example1.xml", "example2.xml" }, InPutService.class);

		// 从容器中获得 Service 对象，传统方式是自己 new 对象
		InPutService input = context.getBean(InPutService.class);
		OutPutService printer = context.getBean(OutPutService.class);

		// 使用对象
		printer.outPut(input.getMessage());
	}
}

除此之外，你还可以使用 import 标签。这样我们只需要传给容器一个配置文件。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
     
    <!-- 
    	import 表示导入一个配置文件
     -->
    <import resource="example2.xml"/>

	<bean class="shangbo.spring.core.example16.OutPutService"/>

</beans>

package shangbo.spring.core.example16;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class App {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// 实例化 Spring IoC 容器
		ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("example1.xml", InPutService.class);

		// 从容器中获得 Service 对象，传统方式是自己 new 对象
		InPutService input = context.getBean(InPutService.class);
		OutPutService printer = context.getBean(OutPutService.class);

		// 使用对象
		printer.outPut(input.getMessage());
	}
}

如果使用 Java 配置文件该怎么办呢？

package shangbo.spring.core.example17;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class AppConfig1 {

	@Bean
	public OutPutService outPutService() {
		return new OutPutService();
	}
}

package shangbo.spring.core.example17;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class AppConfig2 {

	@Bean
	public InPutService inPutService() {
		return new InPutService();
	}
}

package shangbo.spring.core.example17;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

public class App {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// 实例化 Spring IoC 容器，一次读取多个Java配置文件
		ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppConfig1.class, AppConfig2.class);

		// 从容器中获得 Service 对象，传统方式是自己 new 对象
		InPutService input = context.getBean(InPutService.class);
		OutPutService printer = context.getBean(OutPutService.class);

		// 使用对象
		printer.outPut(input.getMessage());
	}
}

Java 也可以使用 @import 注解。

package shangbo.spring.core.example18;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;

// @Import 导入一个配置类
@Configuration
@Import(value = AppConfig2.class)
public class AppConfig1 {

	@Bean
	public OutPutService outPutService() {
		return new OutPutService();
	}
}

package shangbo.spring.core.example18;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class AppConfig2 {

	@Bean
	public InPutService inPutService() {
		return new InPutService();
	}
}

package shangbo.spring.core.example18;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

public class App {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// 实例化 Spring IoC 容器
		ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppConfig1.class);

		// 从容器中获得 Service 对象，传统方式是自己 new 对象
		InPutService input = context.getBean(InPutService.class);
		OutPutService printer = context.getBean(OutPutService.class);

		// 使用对象
		printer.outPut(input.getMessage());
	}
}

– 更多参见：Spring Framework 精萃
– 声 明：转载请注明出处
– Last Updated on 2017-06-17
– Written by ShangBo on 2017-05-21
– End