Spring 注入不同作用域对象

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当你想把短生命周期的对象(如: prototype)注入到长生命周期的对象(如：singleton)时需要特别注意，Spring 提供了如下的解决办法。

使用代理 aop:scoped-proxy/

package shangbo.spring.example29;

public interface MessageService {
	String getMessage();
}

package shangbo.spring.example29;

public class MessageServiceImpl implements MessageService {
	private int times = 0;

	public String getMessage() {
		times++;
		return "Hello World-" + times;
	}

}

package shangbo.spring.example29;

public class MessagePrinter {

    final private MessageService service;

    public MessagePrinter(MessageService service) {
        this.service = service;
    }

    public void printMessage() {
        System.out.println(this.service.getMessage());
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">

	<!-- 
		注意messageService对象是 prototype
		<aop:scoped-proxy/> 指示容器生成代理对象
	-->
    <bean id="messageService" class="shangbo.spring.example29.MessageServiceImpl" scope="prototype">
    	<aop:scoped-proxy/>
    </bean>

	<!-- 
		MessagePrinter 是 singleton 对象
	-->
	<bean class="shangbo.spring.example29.MessagePrinter">
		<constructor-arg ref="messageService"/>
	</bean>
	
</beans>

package shangbo.spring.example29;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class App {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// 实例化 Spring IoC 容器
		ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("example.xml", MessagePrinter.class);
		
		// 从容器中获得 MessagePrinter 的实例
		MessagePrinter printer1 = context.getBean(MessagePrinter.class);
		printer1.printMessage();
		
		// 再次在容器中获得 MessagePrinter 的实例
		MessagePrinter printer2 = context.getBean(MessagePrinter.class);
		printer2.printMessage();
	}
}

使用 lookup 方法

package shangbo.spring.example30;

public interface MessageService {
	String getMessage();
}

package shangbo.spring.example30;

public class MessageServiceImpl implements MessageService {
	private int times = 0;

	public String getMessage() {
		times++;
		return "Hello World-" + times;
	}

}

package shangbo.spring.example30;

public abstract class MessagePrinter {

    public void printMessage() {
    	MessageService service = createMessageService();
        System.out.println(service.getMessage());
    }
    
    // 注意，这是传说中的 lookup 方法
    protected abstract MessageService createMessageService();
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="messageService" class="shangbo.spring.example30.MessageServiceImpl" scope="prototype"/>

	<!-- 
		注入 lookup 方法
	-->
	<bean class="shangbo.spring.example30.MessagePrinter">
		<lookup-method name="createMessageService" bean="messageService"/>
	</bean>
	
</beans>

package shangbo.spring.example30;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import shangbo.spring.example29.MessagePrinter;

public class App {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// 实例化 Spring IoC 容器
		ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("example.xml", MessagePrinter.class);
		
		// 从容器中获得 MessagePrinter 的实例
		MessagePrinter printer1 = context.getBean(MessagePrinter.class);
		printer1.printMessage();
		
		// 再次在容器中获得 MessagePrinter 的实例
		MessagePrinter printer2 = context.getBean(MessagePrinter.class);
		printer2.printMessage();
	}
}

Spring 还提供了其他方法，如注入 ，或实现 ApplicationContextAware 接口，但是它们需要继承 Spring 的接口，与 Spring 耦合在一起，不推荐使用。

– 更多参见：Spring Framework 精萃
– 声 明：转载请注明出处
– Last Updated on 2017-05-23
– Written by ShangBo on 2017-05-23
– End