Maven学习记录(一):POM文件

Maven学习记录(一):POM文件

基础概念

POM（Project Object Model，项目对象模型）文件是Maven项目的核心，定义项目基本信息，描述如何构建，声明依赖

第一个pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.shannonAJ.mavenStudy</groupId>
    <artifactId>hello-maven</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>Maven study project</name>
</project>

• XML头指定了xml文档的版本和编码方式
• project元素是根元素，声明了一些POM相关的命名空间和XSD元素
• 根元素下是Modelversion指定了POM的版本，目前都是4.0.0
• groupID、artifactId、version是最重要的三行，他们定义了一个基本坐标，Maven中所有Jar、war和POM都是以这个基本坐标来区分
• groupID定义了项目属于哪个组织，如建立一个maven-study的项目，groupId应该就是com.shannonAJ.maven-study
• artifactId定义了当前Maven项目在组中的唯一ID，如maven-study
• version指定了项目的当前版本：1.0-SNAPSHOT，SNAPSHOT代表快照，说明不稳定，处于开发中，RELEASE代表稳定发布版本
• name元素声明了对于用户更友好的项目名称，推荐声明

编写代码

• 在工作区新建一个文件夹：maven-study,maven默认Java代码在/src/main/java下，创建该目录，编写文件hello.java

package com.shannonAJ.maven-study.hello-maven;

public class HelloMaven
{
   
    public String sayHello()
    {
        return "Hello Maven";
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(new HelloMaven().sayHello());
    }

}

• 在项目根目录下打包

E:\Development\workspace\java-project\hello-maven>mvn clean compile
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building Maven study project 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ hello-maven ---
[INFO] Deleting E:\Development\workspace\java-project\hello-maven\target
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ hello-maven ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory E:\Development\workspace\java-project\hello-maven\src\main\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ hello-maven ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding GBK, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to E:\Development\workspace\java-project\hello-maven\target\classes
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 1.156 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2018-07-21T21:22:34+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 13M/165M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

• Maven首先执行clean:clean，告诉Maven清理输出目录target，默认maven的输出都在target目录下。然后执行resource：resource，接着执行compile：compile，把编译好的文件放到target/classes下
• clean:clean,resource:resource,compile:compile对应了一些插件的目标

编写测试代码

• 测试代码位于src/test/java下
• POM中添加JUnit测试依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.shannonAJ.mavenStudy</groupId>
    <artifactId>hello-maven</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>Maven study project</name>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.7</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

• 代码中添加Junit依赖，Maven能自动去中央仓库中下载junit-4.7.jar
• 标签为依赖范围，依赖范围为test表明该依赖只对测试有效。如果在测试中引入Junit的package没有问题，但在主代码中引入就会报错
• 不设置的话默认值为compile，表示该依赖对主代码和测试代码都有效
• 编写测试类

package com.shannonAJ.studyMaven.helloMaven;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import org.junit.Test;

public class HelloMavenTest
{
   
    @Test
    public void testSayHello() {
        HelloMaven hm = new HelloMaven();
        String res = hm.sayHello();
        assertEquals(""Hello Maven", res);
    }

}

• 运行mvn clean test

E:\Development\workspace\java-project\hello-maven>mvn clean test
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building Maven study project 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ hello-maven ---
[INFO] Deleting E:\Development\workspace\java-project\hello-maven\target
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ hello-maven ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory E:\Development\workspace\java-project\hello-maven\src\main\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ hello-maven ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding GBK, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to E:\Development\workspace\java-project\hello-maven\target\classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ hello-maven ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory E:\Development\workspace\java-project\hello-maven\src\test\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ hello-maven ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding GBK, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to E:\Development\workspace\java-project\hello-maven\target\test-classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ hello-maven ---
[INFO] Surefire report directory: E:\Development\workspace\java-project\hello-maven\target\surefire-reports
Downloading: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/org/apache/maven/surefire/surefire-junit4/2.12.4/surefire-junit4-2.12.4.pom
Downloaded: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/org/apache/maven/surefire/surefire-junit4/2.12.4/surefire-junit4-2.12.4.pom (2.4 kB at 7.6 kB/s)
Downloading: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/org/apache/maven/surefire/surefire-providers/2.12.4/surefire-providers-2.12.4.pom
Downloaded: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/org/apache/maven/surefire/surefire-providers/2.12.4/surefire-providers-2.12.4.pom (2.3 kB at 9.8 kB/s)
Downloading: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/org/apache/maven/s