Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 / 8 / 9 更换 Centos 源镜像

Red Hat  YUM 源是需要注册付费的，如果要使用 Red Hat 系统安装软件，需要将Red Hat 源替换为CentOS对应的源，在替换 YUM 源的过程以及所遇到的问题；如不一定要使用 Red Hat 系统，建议直接下载使用 CentOS 

当前Red Hat 版本 测试环境三台，分别为  Red Hat 7 /8 9.2 / 

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/hosts  修改计算机名称
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli general hostname xx 修改计算机名称
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release  查看系统版本信息

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.9 (Maipo)

Red Hat Enterprise Linux release 8.8 (Ootpa)

Red Hat Enterprise Linux release 9.2 (Plow) 

一、Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 更换方式：

This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.

1.1  先删除系统自带的 yum 软件包

[root@redHatEnterpriseLinux7 ~]# rpm -qa |grep yum

[root@redHatEnterpriseLinux7 ~]# rpm -qa|grep yum|xargs rpm -e --nodeps
[root@redHatEnterpriseLinux7 ~]# rpm -qa|grep python-urlgrabber|xargs rpm -e --nodeps

1.2 . 下载 centos7  6个相关的软件包

http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch.rpm
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-iniparse-0.4-9.el7.noarch.rpm
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-urlgrabber-3.10-10.el7.noarch.rpm
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64.rpm

1.3  将 rmp 6个包上传到 opt 的目录 需要注意安装顺序：

----安装顺序：
rpm -ivh python-iniparse-0.4-9.el7.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh python-urlgrabber-3.10-10.el7.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
----这两个要一起安装
rpm -ivh yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch.rpm yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
----最后安装 wget
[root@redHatEnterpriseLinux7 opt]# rpm -ivh wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64.rpm 

1.4 通过 wget 下载配置文件 Centos

[root@redHatEnterpriseLinux7 opt]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

1.5 修改 刚刚 wget 下载来的 CentOS-Base.repo 配置 文件 位于 /etc/yum.repos.d 目录

# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the 
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
 
[base]
name=CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/os/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 
#released updates 
[updates]
name=CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/updates/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/updates/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/extras/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/extras/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-7 - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/centosplus/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/centosplus/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 
#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-7 - Contrib - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/contrib/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/contrib/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

[root@redHatEnterpriseLinux7 yum.repos.d]# vi CentOS-Base.repo
[root@redHatEnterpriseLinux7 yum.repos.d]# mv CentOS-Base.repo redhat.repo
[root@redHatEnterpriseLinux7 ~]# yum clean all 
[root@redHatEnterpriseLinux7 ~]# yum makecache

1.6  清理一下缓存 和 生成一下 缓存  yum clean all  &  yum makecache

 1.7  测试 yum 安装 yum install -y lrzsz   yum -y install vim*   和 yum update 是否安装成功

[root@redHatEnterpriseLinux7 ~]# yum repolist

二、Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 更换方式：

2.1 在配置文件中关闭这个官方的订阅  编辑配置文件“  更改参数“ enabled = 1”到“ enabled = 0”

vi /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/subscription-manager.conf
[main]
enabled=0

2.2 将 Red Hat  官方订阅删除

yum remove subscription-manager

2.3 red hat 8 更换 Centos 8 阿里云镜像源；

备份一下 redhat.repo 文件
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/redhat.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/redhat.repo.bak

获取新的 CentOS-Base.repo 到 /etc/yum.repos.d/ 
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/redhat.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-8.repo

也可以使用 wget -O 来获取，但需要手动下在 rpm -ivh wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64 来安装 
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/redhat.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-8.repo

下载新的CentOS-Base.repo 到 /etc/yum.repos.d/ （这里用的CentOS 8.0）

2.4 更换完成之后要 进行清除缓存,生成缓存；

[root@redHatEnterpriseLinux8 ~]# yum clean all
[root@redHatEnterpriseLinux8 ~]# yum makecache

2.5  测试 yum 安装 yum -y install wget  &  yum install -y lrzsz   看看能否安装成功；

三、Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 更换方式：

3.1  修改红帽的订阅管理配置文件  vi subscription-manager.conf
       把enabled的置改成0，然后保存  , 再删除 官方订阅  yum remove subscription-manager

[root@RedHatEnterpriseLinux9 ~]# cd /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/
[root@RedHatEnterpriseLinux9 ~]# vi subscription-manager.conf 
[root@RedHatEnterpriseLinux9 ~]# yum remove subscription-manager

3.2 再删除 cd /etc/yum.repos.d 目录下的 redhat.repo 文件 ,   rm -rf  redhat.repo 
      如没有 redhat.repo 这个文件了，就不用管：

3.3  使用 vi  redhat.repo 编辑一个新的配置文件：

vi  redhat.repo  添加如下内容：

[AppStream]
name=AppStream
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/almalinux/9.2/AppStream/x86_64/os/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

[BaseOS]
name=BaseOS
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/almalinux/9.2/BaseOS/x86_64/os/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

[extras]
name=extras
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/almalinux/9.2/extras/x86_64/os/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

[plus]
name=plus
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/almalinux/9.2/plus/x86_64/os/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

[devel]
name=devel
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/almalinux/9.2/devel/x86_64/os/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

[NFV]
name=NFV
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/almalinux/9.2/NFV/x86_64/os/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

[CRB]
name=CRB
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/almalinux/9.2/CRB/x86_64/os/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

[HighAvailability]
name=HighAvailability
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/almalinux/9.2/HighAvailability/x86_64/os/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

3.4  执行  yum clean all  &  yum makecache

[root@RedHatEnterpriseLinux9 ~]# yum clean all  
[root@RedHatEnterpriseLinux9 ~]# yum makecache

3.5 测试 dnf 安装 yum install wget  &  yum install lrzsz  &  yum update 看看能否安装成功；