一、变量的命名规则
1、具有描述性
2、变量只能_,数字,字母组成,不可以是空格或特殊字符(#?<.,$¥*!~)
3、不能以中文为变量名
4、不能以数字开头
5、保留字符不能被使用
常量:不变的量 pie = 3.141592653...
在py里所有的变量都是可变的,所以用全部大写的变量名来代表次变量为常量
二、注释
1、单行注释用#
2、多行注释用三个单引号或三个双引号'''被注释内容'''
三、设置编码
第一种:
# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
第二种:
# conding:utf-8
四、结构化语句
1、if语句
(1)、单if语句
例如:
a = 3
b = 4
if a < b:
print("a < b")
(2)、if else语句
例如:
a = 3
b = 4
if a > b:
print("a > b")
else:
print("a <= b")
(3)、多分支if语句
例如:
a = 5
b = 7
if a > b:
print("a > b")
elif a == b:
print("a == b")
else:
print("a < b")
2、格式化输出
占位符
%s # s = string
%d # d = digit 整数
%f # f = float 浮点数,约等于小数
例如:
name = input("Name:")
age = input("Age:")
job = input("Job:")
salary = input("Salary:")
if salary.isdigit():
salary = int(salary)
else:
exit("Must input digit....")
msg = '''
------------- info of %s ------------
Name:%s
Age:%s
Job:%s
Salary:%s
------------ End -----------------
''' % (name, name, age, job, salary)
print(msg)
3、for 循环
(1)、range(开始,结束,步长)
for i in range(3):
print(i)
(2)、for循环后面加else语句
for i in range(3):
print(i)
else:
print("当前面循环正常结束打印该内容")
4、break、continue
break # 跳出、中断
continue # 跳过
for i in range(3):
for y in range(10):
if y == 5:
continue
if y == 8:
break
print(y)
print("这是第一层循环的", i, "次")
5、while循环
(1)、普通while循环
例如:
_user = "sam"
_password = "changwei"
counter = 0
while counter < 3:
username = input("Please input your username:")
password = input("Please input your password:")
if username == _user and password == _password:
print("Welcome %s login ..." % _user)
break
else:
print("Invalid username or password !")
counter += 1
(2)、while else语句
例如:
_user = "sam"
_password = "changwei"
counter = 0
while counter < 3:
username = input("Please input your username:")
password = input("Please input your password:")
if username == _user and password == _password:
print("Welcome %s login ..." % _user)
break
else:
print("Invalid username or password !")
counter += 1
else:
print("当前面循环正常结束执行这段代码")
print("傻逼玩意儿,三次都输入不对!!!")