java验证码工具类使用说明

最新推荐文章于 2021-09-09 08:59:03 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2021-09-09 08:59:03 发布

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分类专栏： springboot 文章标签： java

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java验证码工具类使用说明

1.工具类

说明:

直接粘贴复制就可以使用,按照注释去使用

此工具类不需要添加任何依赖

package com.shaoming.常用工具类的封装;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Random;

/**
 *@创建人  cx
 *@创建时间  2018/11/27 17:36
 *@描述   验证码生成
 */
public class VerifyCodeUtils{

    //使用到Algerian字体，系统里没有的话需要安装字体，字体只显示大写，去掉了1,0,i,o几个容易混淆的字符
    public static final String VERIFY_CODES = "23456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZ";
    private static Random random = new Random();


    /**
     * 使用系统默认字符源生成验证码
     * @param verifySize    验证码长度
     * @return
     */
    public static String generateVerifyCode(int verifySize){
        return generateVerifyCode(verifySize, VERIFY_CODES);
    }
    /**
     * 使用指定源生成验证码
     * @param verifySize    验证码长度
     * @param sources   验证码字符源
     * @return
     */
    public static String generateVerifyCode(int verifySize, String sources){
        if(sources == null || sources.length() == 0){
            sources = VERIFY_CODES;
        }
        int codesLen = sources.length();
        Random rand = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());
        StringBuilder verifyCode = new StringBuilder(verifySize);
        for(int i = 0; i < verifySize; i++){
            verifyCode.append(sources.charAt(rand.nextInt(codesLen-1)));
        }
        return verifyCode.toString();
    }

    /**
     * 生成随机验证码文件,并返回验证码值
     * @param w
     * @param h
     * @param outputFile
     * @param verifySize
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static String outputVerifyImage(int w, int h, File outputFile, int verifySize) throws IOException{
        String verifyCode = generateVerifyCode(verifySize);
        outputImage(w, h, outputFile, verifyCode);
        return verifyCode;
    }

    /**
     * 输出随机验证码图片流,并返回验证码值
     * @param w
     * @param h
     * @param os
     * @param verifySize
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static String outputVerifyImage(int w, int h, OutputStream os, int verifySize) throws IOException{
        String verifyCode = generateVerifyCode(verifySize);
        outputImage(w, h, os, verifyCode);
        return verifyCode;
    }

    /**
     * 生成指定验证码图像文件
     * @param w
     * @param h
     * @param outputFile
     * @param code
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static void outputImage(int w, int h, File outputFile, String code) throws IOException{
        if(outputFile == null){
            return;
        }
        File dir = outputFile.getParentFile();
        if(!dir.exists()){
            dir.mkdirs();
        }
        try{
            outputFile.createNewFile();
            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(outputFile);
            outputImage(w, h, fos, code);
            fos.close();
        } catch(IOException e){
            throw e;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 输出指定验证码图片流
     * @param w
     * @param h
     * @param os
     * @param code
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static void outputImage(int w, int h, OutputStream os, String code) throws IOException{
        int verifySize = code.length();
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(w, h, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        Random rand = new Random();
        Graphics2D g2 = image.createGraphics();
        g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
        Color[] colors = new Color[5];
        Color[] colorSpaces = new Color[] { Color.WHITE, Color.CYAN,
                Color.GRAY, Color.LIGHT_GRAY, Color.MAGENTA, Color.ORANGE,
                Color.PINK, Color.YELLOW };
        float[] fractions = new float[colors.length];
        for(int i = 0; i < colors.length; i++){
            colors[i] = colorSpaces[rand.nextInt(colorSpaces.length)];
            fractions[i] = rand.nextFloat();
        }
        Arrays.sort(fractions);

        g2.setColor(Color.GRAY);// 设置边框色
        g2.fillRect(0, 0, w, h);

        Color c = getRandColor(200, 250);
        g2.setColor(c);// 设置背景色
        g2.fillRect(0, 2, w, h-4);

        //绘制干扰线
        Random random = new Random();
        g2.setColor(getRandColor(160, 200));// 设置线条的颜色
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            int x = random.nextInt(w - 1);
            int y = random.nextInt(h - 1);
            int xl = random.nextInt(6) + 1;
            int yl = random.nextInt(12) + 1;
            g2.drawLine(x, y, x + xl + 40, y + yl + 20);
        }

        // 添加噪点
        float yawpRate = 0.05f;// 噪声率
        int area = (int) (yawpRate * w * h);
        for (int i = 0; i < area; i++) {
            int x = random.nextInt(w);
            int y = random.nextInt(h);
            int rgb = getRandomIntColor();
            image.setRGB(x, y, rgb);
        }

        shear(g2, w, h, c);// 使图片扭曲

        g2.setColor(getRandColor(100, 160));
        int fontSize = h-4;
        Font font = new Font("Algerian", Font.ITALIC, fontSize);
        g2.setFont(font);
        char[] chars = code.toCharArray();
        for(int i = 0; i < verifySize; i++){
            AffineTransform affine = new AffineTransform();
            affine.setToRotation(Math.PI / 4 * rand.nextDouble() * (rand.nextBoolean() ? 1 : -1), (w / verifySize) * i + fontSize/2, h/2);
            g2.setTransform(affine);
            g2.drawChars(chars, i, 1, ((w-10) / verifySize) * i + 5, h/2 + fontSize/2 - 10);
        }

        g2.dispose();
        ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", os);
    }

    private static Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) {
        if (fc > 255)
            fc = 255;
        if (bc > 255)
            bc = 255;
        int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
        int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
        int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
        return new Color(r, g, b);
    }

    private static int getRandomIntColor() {
        int[] rgb = getRandomRgb();
        int color = 0;
        for (int c : rgb) {
            color = color << 8;
            color = color | c;
        }
        return color;
    }

    private static int[] getRandomRgb() {
        int[] rgb = new int[3];
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
            rgb[i] = random.nextInt(255);
        }
        return rgb;
    }

    private static void shear(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
        shearX(g, w1, h1, color);
        shearY(g, w1, h1, color);
    }

    private static void shearX(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {

        int period = random.nextInt(2);

        boolean borderGap = true;
        int frames = 1;
        int phase = random.nextInt(2);

        for (int i = 0; i < h1; i++) {
            double d = (double) (period >> 1)
                    * Math.sin((double) i / (double) period
                    + (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase)
                    / (double) frames);
            g.copyArea(0, i, w1, 1, (int) d, 0);
            if (borderGap) {
                g.setColor(color);
                g.drawLine((int) d, i, 0, i);
                g.drawLine((int) d + w1, i, w1, i);
            }
        }

    }

    private static void shearY(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {

        int period = random.nextInt(40) + 10; // 50;

        boolean borderGap = true;
        int frames = 20;
        int phase = 7;
        for (int i = 0; i < w1; i++) {
            double d = (double) (period >> 1)
                    * Math.sin((double) i / (double) period
                    + (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase)
                    / (double) frames);
            g.copyArea(i, 0, 1, h1, 0, (int) d);
            if (borderGap) {
                g.setColor(color);
                g.drawLine(i, (int) d, i, 0);
                g.drawLine(i, (int) d + h1, i, h1);
            }

        }

    }
   
}

2.测试里面的方法

2.1 生成随机验证码

说明:

参数6表示生成几位随机验证码

@Test
	public void testGetCode() {
		String code = VerifyCodeUtils.generateVerifyCode(6);
		System.out.println(code);
	}

2.2 在指定文件夹下生成验证码图片

说明:

可以自己指定验证码,但是一般我们都是随机生成的验证码

/**
	 * 在指定文件夹下生成二维码图片
	 * @throws IOException 
	 */
	@Test
	public void testGetImageCode() throws IOException {
		String code = "aabbcc";
		File outputFile = new File("G:/myfile/1.jpg");
		VerifyCodeUtils.outputImage(150, 40, outputFile, code);
		
	}

3.实现验证码登录的demo实例

具体步骤:

(1)产生一个随机验证码

(2)产生一个验证码图片

(3)把验证码放到ServerletContext作用域中

(4)另一个方法获取ServletContext作用域中的验证码

(5)比对进行判断是否相同

3.1 设置随机验证码

 /**
     * 设置一个4位数的随机验证码
     * 并以base64方式返回给前端
     * @param request
     * @return
     */
	@GetMapping("/createcode")
	@ResponseBody
	public String createCode(HttpServletRequest request) {
		// 1.使用工具类生成验证码
		String code = VerifyCodeUtils.generateVerifyCode(4);
		log.info("设置的code的值 :[{}]", code);
		// 2.将验证码放入ServletContext作用域中
		request.getServletContext().setAttribute("code", code);
		// 3.将图片转为base64
		ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		try {
			VerifyCodeUtils.outputImage(120, 30, byteArrayOutputStream, code);
		} catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			throw new RuntimeException("验证码工具类生成二维码异常");
		}
		return "data:image/png;base64," + Base64Utils.encodeToString(byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray());

	}

3.2 验证方法

/**
	 * 测试图片验证码
	 */
	@GetMapping("/getcode")
	@ResponseBody
	public Msg getCode(HttpServletRequest request, String code) {
		
		String getCode = (String) request.getServletContext().getAttribute("code");
		log.info("获取的code的值 :[{}]",getCode);
		if (getCode.equalsIgnoreCase(code)) {
			return Msg.success();
		} else {
			return Msg.fail();
		}

	}

补充vo对象Msg

package com.shaoming.model.vo;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModel;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModelProperty;

@ApiModel("视图返回对象,jsonresult")
public class Msg {
	// 状态码 100 成功 200 失败
	@ApiModelProperty(value = "响应码")
	private int code;
	// 提示信息
	@ApiModelProperty(value = "提示信息")
	private String msg;
	// 用户要返回给客户端的数据
	@ApiModelProperty(value = "数据信息")
	private Map<String, Object> data = new HashMap<String, Object>();

	// 当前对象添加用户要返回给客户端的数据
	public Msg add(String key, Object value) {
		this.getData().put(key, value);
		return this;
	}

	// 执行成功
	public static Msg success() {
		Msg result = new Msg();
		result.setCode(100);
		result.setMsg("执行成功！");
		return result;
	}

	// 执行失败
	public static Msg fail() {
		Msg result = new Msg();
		result.setCode(200);
		result.setMsg("执行失败！");
		return result;
	}

	public int getCode() {
		return code;
	}

	public void setCode(int code) {
		this.code = code;
	}

	public String getMsg() {
		return msg;
	}

	public void setMsg(String msg) {
		this.msg = msg;
	}

	public Map<String, Object> getData() {
		return data;
	}

	public void setData(Map<String, Object> data) {
		this.data = data;
	}
}

3.3前端页面

使用axios发送异步请求

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	<div id="app">
		<img id="num" :src="url" /> <input type="text" v-model="code"
			name="code" /> <input @click="submitcode" type="button"
			value="提交验证码" />
	</div>
</body>
</html>
<!-- 引入想改的js文件 -->
<script src="/emp_vue/js/vue.js"></script>
<script src="/emp_vue/js/axios.min.js"></script>
<script>
new Vue({
	el:"#app",
	data:{
		url:"",
		code:""
	},
	created(){
		this.getbase();
	},
	methods:{
		submitcode(){
			axios.get("http://localhost:8080/emp_vue/getcode?code="+this.code).then(res=>{
				//console.log(this.code);
				//console.log(res.data.code);
				var statuscode = res.data.code;
				alert(statuscode);
				if(statuscode==100){
					//alert("success");
					location.href="http://localhost:8080/emp_vue/success.html"
				}else{
					//alert("error");
			        location.href="http://localhost:8080/emp_vue/error.html"
				}
			}).catch(error=>{
				alert("发送axios请求失败!!!");
			});
		},
		getbase(){
			axios.get("http://localhost:8080/emp_vue/createcode")
			.then(res=>{
				alert("发送axios请求成功");
				console.log(res.data);
				this.url=res.data
			})
			.catch(error=>{
				alert("发送axios请求失败!!!");
			});
		}
	}
});
</script>