自己动手写搜索引擎（常搜吧历程四#分词#）（Java、Lucene、hadoop）

分词的基本原理：

1、分词是用来对文本按语言特征按算法进行过滤、分组处理的一种技术。

2、分词的对象是文本，而不是图像动画脚本等等。

3、分词的方式就是过滤和分组。

4、过滤主要把文本中那些没有实际意义的字或词过滤掉。

5、分组就是按照”分词数据库“内已添加好的词，进行匹配。

下面来看Lucene分词器的使用

package com.qianyan.analyzer;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.StringReader;

import org.apache.lucene.analysis.Analyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.analysis.SimpleAnalyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.analysis.Token;
import org.apache.lucene.analysis.TokenStream;
import org.apache.lucene.analysis.WhitespaceAnalyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.analysis.cjk.CJKAnalyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.analysis.cn.ChineseAnalyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.analysis.standard.StandardAnalyzer;

public class TestAnalyzer {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		Analyzer analyzer = new StandardAnalyzer(); //标准 过滤停用次
		//Analyzer analyzer = new SimpleAnalyzer();  //简单 过滤空格和符号
		//Analyzer analyzer = new WhitespaceAnalyzer();  //过滤空格
		//Analyzer analyzer = new ChineseAnalyzer();  //lucene下的中文分词器   拆分每个字符，过滤符号
		//Analyzer analyzer = new CJKAnalyzer();  //中文 两字两字拆分 英文和standard功能一样
		String input = "this is test lucene analyzer class!";
		TokenStream tokenStream = analyzer.tokenStream("", new StringReader(input));
		Token token = new Token();
		while(null != tokenStream.next(token))
			System.out.println(token.term());
	}
}

对于初学者，我们只需要掌握这些经典的分词器就足够了。

但在实际的开发过程中，满足我们需要得，是一些基于lucene分词之上的第三方中文分词包，在这里我们只介绍 ”庖丁分词包“，命令借鉴了”庖丁解牛“这个成语。

庖丁解牛，我国古代成语，出自《庄子》，比喻经过反复实践，掌握了事物的客观规律，做事得心应手，运用自如。

下载网址链接：http://code.google.com/p/paoding/

解压后我们需要对项目添加2个jar包，解压目录下的paoding-analysis.jar 和lib下的 commons-logging.jar 。令把dic文件夹复制到我们的项目src目录下。

package com.qianyan.analyzer;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.StringReader;

import net.paoding.analysis.analyzer.PaodingAnalyzer;

import org.apache.lucene.analysis.Analyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.analysis.Token;
import org.apache.lucene.analysis.TokenStream;

public class TestPaodingAnalyzer {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		Analyzer analyzer = new PaodingAnalyzer();
		String input = "我爱北京天安门！";
		TokenStream ts = analyzer.tokenStream("", new StringReader(input));
		Token token = new Token();
		while(null != (token = ts.next(null)))
			System.out.println(token.term());
	}
}

大家通过这个例子可以看到，paoding分词器相当的强大，它的语法在此不过多介绍，有兴趣的朋友可以看解压后的中文操作手册。

下面来看下实际中运用

首先根据paoding分词器建立索引：

package com.qianyan.index;

import java.io.IOException;

import net.paoding.analysis.analyzer.PaodingAnalyzer;

import org.apache.lucene.analysis.Analyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.document.Document;
import org.apache.lucene.document.Field;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexWriter;
import org.apache.lucene.store.Directory;
import org.apache.lucene.store.FSDirectory;

public class TestPaodingIndex {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{
		
		String[] ids = {"1", "2", "3", "4"};
		String[] names = {"张三", "李四", "李五", "赵六"};
		String[] addresses = {"居住在北京", "南京", "北京海淀", "南宁"};
		String[] birthdays = {"19820720", "19840203", "19770409", "19830130"};
		Analyzer analyzer = new PaodingAnalyzer();
		String indexDir = "E:/luceneindex";
		Directory dir = FSDirectory.getDirectory(indexDir);
		IndexWriter writer = new IndexWriter(dir, analyzer, true, IndexWriter.MaxFieldLength.UNLIMITED);
		for(int i = 0; i < ids.length; i++){
			Document document = new Document();
			document.add(new Field("id", ids[i], Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.ANALYZED));
			document.add(new Field("name", names[i], Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.ANALYZED));
			document.add(new Field("address", addresses[i], Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.ANALYZED));
			document.add(new Field("birthday", birthdays[i], Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.ANALYZED));
			writer.addDocument(document);
		}
		writer.optimize();
		writer.close();
	}
	
}

然后来看简单的检索类

package com.qianyan.search;

import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.lucene.document.Document;
import org.apache.lucene.index.Term;
import org.apache.lucene.search.IndexSearcher;
import org.apache.lucene.search.PrefixQuery;
import org.apache.lucene.search.ScoreDoc;
import org.apache.lucene.search.TermQuery;
import org.apache.lucene.search.TopDocs;
import org.apache.lucene.search.WildcardQuery;
import org.apache.lucene.store.Directory;
import org.apache.lucene.store.FSDirectory;

public class TestPaodingSearch {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		String indexDir = "E:/luceneindex";
		Directory dir = FSDirectory.getDirectory(indexDir);
		IndexSearcher searcher = new IndexSearcher(dir);
		ScoreDoc[] hits = null;
		
		/*Term term = new Term("address", "北京");
		TermQuery query = new TermQuery(term);
		*/
		
		/*Term term = new Term("name", "张");
		PrefixQuery query = new PrefixQuery(term);*/
		
		Term term = new Term("name", "李*");
		WildcardQuery query = new WildcardQuery(term);
		
		TopDocs topDocs = searcher.search(query, 100);
		hits = topDocs.scoreDocs;
		for(int i = 0; i < hits.length; i++){
			Document doc = searcher.doc(hits[i].doc);
			System.out.print(hits[i].score + " ");
			System.out.print(doc.get("id") + " ");
			System.out.print(doc.get("name") + " ");
			System.out.print(doc.get("address") + " ");
			System.out.println(doc.get("birthday") + " ");
		}
		
		searcher.close();
		dir.close();
	}
}

下面是来看QueryParser检索类

package com.qianyan.search;

import java.io.IOException;

import net.paoding.analysis.analyzer.PaodingAnalyzer;

import org.apache.lucene.analysis.Analyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.document.Document;
import org.apache.lucene.queryParser.ParseException;
import org.apache.lucene.queryParser.QueryParser;
import org.apache.lucene.search.IndexSearcher;
import org.apache.lucene.search.Query;
import org.apache.lucene.search.ScoreDoc;
import org.apache.lucene.search.TopDocCollector;
import org.apache.lucene.store.Directory;
import org.apache.lucene.store.FSDirectory;

public class TestQueryParser {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ParseException {
		Analyzer analyzer = new PaodingAnalyzer();
		String indexDir = "E:/luceneindex";
		Directory dir = FSDirectory.getDirectory(indexDir);
		IndexSearcher searcher = new IndexSearcher(dir);
		ScoreDoc[] hits = null;
		
		QueryParser parser = new QueryParser("address", analyzer);		//name为默认字段检索
		Query query = parser.parse("北京");			
		//Query query = parser.parse("birthday:[19820720 TO 19840203]"); //中括号包含首尾，花括号不包含。TO指范围
		//Query query = parser.parse("张~");	//前缀检索
		//Query query = parser.parse("上海 北京");	
		//Query query = parser.parse("(居住 or 北京) and 海淀");	
		//Query query = parser.parse("上海 北京 AND NOT name:李四");
		//Query query = parser.parse("name:李*"); //前缀检索
		TopDocCollector topdoc = new TopDocCollector(100);
		
		searcher.search(query, topdoc);
		hits = topdoc.topDocs().scoreDocs;
		
		for(int i = 0; i < hits.length; i++){
			Document doc = searcher.doc(hits[i].doc);
			//System.out.println(hits[i].score);
			System.out.print(doc.get("id") + " ");
			System.out.print(doc.get("name") + " ");
			System.out.print(doc.get("address") + " ");
			System.out.println(doc.get("birthday") + " ");
		}
		
		searcher.close();
		dir.close();
	}
}

下面我们来学习Paoding对文件的索引

package com.qianyan.file;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;

import net.paoding.analysis.analyzer.PaodingAnalyzer;

import org.apache.lucene.analysis.Analyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.document.Document;
import org.apache.lucene.document.Field;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexWriter;
import org.apache.lucene.store.Directory;
import org.apache.lucene.store.FSDirectory;

public class TestFileIndex {
 
	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		String dataDir = "E:\\lucenedata";
		String indexDir = "E:\\luceneindex";
		
		File[] files = new File(dataDir).listFiles();
		Analyzer analyzer = new PaodingAnalyzer();
		Directory dir = FSDirectory.getDirectory(indexDir);
		IndexWriter writer = new IndexWriter(dir, analyzer, true, IndexWriter.MaxFieldLength.UNLIMITED);
		for(int i = 0; i < files.length; i++){
			StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer();
			String line = "";
			FileInputStream fs = new FileInputStream(files[i].getCanonicalPath());
			BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fs));
			line = reader.readLine();
			while(null != line){
				strBuffer.append(line).append("\n");
				line = reader.readLine();
			}
			Document document = new Document();
			document.add(new Field("fileName", files[i].getName(), Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.ANALYZED));
			document.add(new Field("contents", strBuffer.toString(), Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.ANALYZED));
			writer.addDocument(document);
			fs.close();
			reader.close();
		}
		writer.close();
		dir.close();
	}
}

然后是对之前索引的检索类：

package com.qianyan.file;

import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.lucene.document.Document;
import org.apache.lucene.index.Term;
import org.apache.lucene.search.IndexSearcher;
import org.apache.lucene.search.ScoreDoc;
import org.apache.lucene.search.TermQuery;
import org.apache.lucene.search.TopDocs;
import org.apache.lucene.search.WildcardQuery;
import org.apache.lucene.store.Directory;
import org.apache.lucene.store.FSDirectory;

public class TestSearch {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		String indexDir = "E:/luceneindex";
		Directory dir = FSDirectory.getDirectory(indexDir);
		IndexSearcher searcher = new IndexSearcher(dir);
		ScoreDoc[] hits = null;
		
		Term term = new Term("fileName", "星期");
		TermQuery query = new TermQuery(term);
			
		
		TopDocs topDocs = searcher.search(query, 100);
		hits = topDocs.scoreDocs;
		for(int i = 0; i < hits.length; i++){
			Document doc = searcher.doc(hits[i].doc);
			System.out.print(hits[i].score + " ");
			System.out.println(doc.get("fileName") + " ");
			System.out.println(doc.get("contents") + " ");
		}
		
		searcher.close();
		dir.close();
	}
}