选择器
后代
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
/* 父标签 后代标签{} */
div p{
color: aquamarine;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>P</p>
<div>
<p>div中的P</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
子代
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
div>p>a{
color: aqua;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div>
父级
<a href="#">div中的a</a>
<p>
<a href="#">div中的p中的a</a>
</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
并集
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
p,
div,
h1,
h2{
color: aquamarine;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>p</p>
<div>div</div>
<h1>h1</h1>
<h2>h2</h2>
</body>
</html>
交集
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
p.abc{
color: aqua;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p class="abc">带有class的p</p>
<p>pp</p>
<div class="abc">带有class的div</div>
</body>
</html>
伪类
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
/* 鼠标悬停时变色 */
a:hover{
color: rgb(14, 14, 14);
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<a href="#">超链接</a>
<!-- 任何标签都可以添加hover伪类 -->
</body>
</html>
背景
背景色
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
div{
background-color: aqua;
/* background-color: #ccc; */
/* background-color: rgba(red, green, blue, alpha); */
width: 200px;
height: 300px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div>div</div>
</body>
</html>
背景图
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
div{
width: 300px;
height: 400px;
background-image: url(../微信图片_20230926210222.jpg);
background-repeat: repeat;
/* repeat平铺 no-repeat不平铺 repeat-x沿X轴平埔 repeat-y沿Y轴平铺 */
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div></div>
</body>
</html>
背景位置
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
div{
width: 1000px;
height: 1000px;
background-image: url(../微信图片_20230926210222.jpg);
background-repeat:no-repeat;
/* repeat平铺 no-repeat不平铺 repeat-x沿X轴平埔 repeat-y沿Y轴平铺 */
background-position: 0 0;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div></div>
</body>
</html>
背景属性连写
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
div{
width: 800px;
height: 800px;
/* 推荐:background:color image repeat position */
background: #000 url(../背景位置.png) no-repeat left top;
/* 背景图位置如果用英文字母表示时,可以颠倒顺序 */
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div></div>
</body>
</html>
显示模式
块级
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- 独占一行 -->
<!-- 宽度默认是父元素宽度,高度由内容撑开 -->
<!-- 可以设置宽高 -->
<div>div</div>
<p>ppp</p>
<!-- 例如div、p、h系列、ul、li等标签 -->
</body>
</html>
行内
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- 一行可以显示多个 -->
<!-- 宽度和高度默认由内容撑开 -->
<!-- 不可以设置宽高,设置了也没用 -->
<a href="#">空链接1</a>
<a href="#">空链接2</a>
<!-- 例如a、span、b、u、i、s等标签 -->
</body>
</html>
行内块
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
img{
width: 250px;
height: 300px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<!-- 一行可以显示多个 -->
<!-- 可以设置宽高 -->
<img src="../微信图片_20230926210222.jpg" alt="">
<img src="../微信图片_20230926210222.jpg" alt="">
<!-- 例如input、textarea、button、select等 -->
<!-- img标签有行内块元素特点,但在chrome调试工具内显示结果是inline -->
</body>
</html>
显示模式转换
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
div{
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
background-color: black;
color: white;
/* 将块级元素转换为行内块 */
display: inline-block;
/* inline 转换为行内、block 转换为块级、inline-block 转换为行内块 */
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div>123</div>
<div>456</div>
</body>
</html>
CSS特性
层叠性
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
div{
color: aqua;
color: blue;
}
.box{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box">文字</div>
</body>
</html>
继承性
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
div{
color: red;
font-size: 30px;
font-style: italic;
height: 60px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div>
div的标签
<span>div的子标签</span>
<!-- span标签内文字会继承和div相同的控制文字的style -->
<!-- 不是控制文字的style不能继承 -->
</div>
<br>
<br>
<div>
<!-- 浏览器有默认样式时,继承会失效 -->
<a href="#">超链接</a>
<h1>h系列标签</h1>
<!-- a标签的color会继承失效 -->
<!-- h系列标签的font-size会继承失效 -->
</div>
</body>
</html>
盒子模型
介绍,实例及组成
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
div{
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
background-color: pink;
/* 边框线 */
border: 1px solid #000;
/* 内边距 */
padding: 30px;
/* 外边距 */
margin: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div>内容填充</div>
<div>内容填充</div>
</body>
</html>
优先级
内容区域的宽高设置
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
div{
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
background-color: brown;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div>盒子内容区域</div>
</body>
</html>
边框
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
.div{
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
background-color: palegreen;
/* boder: 线条粗细 线条种类 线条颜色 */
border: 1px solid #000;
/* solid:实线、dashed虚线、dotted点线 */
/* 这三种线使用的最多,其他种类的线通常用图片替代 */
}
/* 单方向设置,只给某个方向单独设置边框 */
.dan{
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
background-color: palegreen;
/* border-方位名词 */
border-left: #000 solid 1px;
/* border会撑大盒子 */
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="div">内容</div>
<div class="dan">内容</div>
</body>
</html>
内边距
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
div{
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
background-color: aqua;
/* 内边距也会撑大盒子 */
/* 一个padding会增加四个方向的内边距 */
padding: 50px;
/* padding可以当复合属性使用 */
/* 四值:上、右、下、左 */
padding: 10px 20px 30px 40px;
/* 三值:上、左右、下 */
padding: 10px 40px 80px;
/* 两值:上下、左右 */
padding: 10px 40px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div>实例文字</div>
</body>
</html>
内减模式
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
div{
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: blueviolet;
border: 10px black solid;
padding: 10px;
/* 使用box-sizing: border-box;后,盒子大小被固定下来,不会被撑大 */
box-sizing: border-box;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div>示例文字</div>
</body>
</html>
外边距及其折叠现象
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
div{
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: pink;
/* 外边距使用与内边距一样 */
margin: auto;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div>div</div>
</body>
</html>
合并现象
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
div{
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: aqua;
}
.one{
margin-bottom: 50px;
}
.two{
margin-top: 50px;
}
</style>
</head>
<!-- 垂直布局的块级元素,上下maargin会合并 -->
<!-- 取俩margin的最大值 -->
<body>
<div class="one">11</div>
<div class="two">22</div>
</body>
</html>
塌陷现象
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
.father{
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
background-color: pink;
overflow: hidden;
/* 较为完美 */
}
.son{
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: skyblue;
margin-top: 50px;
/* display: inline-block; */
}
/* 互相嵌套的块级元素,子元素的margin-top会作用在父元素上 */
/* 会导致父元素一起向下移动 */
/* 给父元素设置border-top或padding-top 当父元素中没有border或padding时不可用 */
/* 给父元素设置overflow:hidden */
/* 转换为行内块元素 */
/* 设置浮动 */
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="father">
<div class="son">son</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
行内元素内外边距问题
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
span{
margin: 100px;
padding: 100px;
/* 行内元素垂直位置需要用行高来改变 */
line-height: 100px;
}
</style>
</head>
<!-- 行内元素的内外边距会部分不生效 -->
<!-- margin-top/bottom不生效 -->
<!-- padding-top/bottom不生效 -->
<body>
<span>xpzn</span>
<span>xpzn</span>
</body>
</html>
清除默认样式
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
/* 用通配符选择器清除即可 */
*{
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>ppp</p>
<h1>h1</h1>
<ul>
<li>lili</li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
版心居中
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
div{
width: 1000px;
height: 300px;
background-color: brown;
/* 用margin: 0 auto;即可完成版心居中 */
margin: 0 auto;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div>版心</div>
</body>
</html>
CSS浮动
特点
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
/* 浮动标签默认顶部对齐 */
.one{
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: pink;
float: left;
}
.tow{
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
background-color: skyblue;
float: left;
/* 由于设置浮动,左右外边距不生效 */
margin: 0 auto;
}
.three{
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
background-color: red;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="one">one</div>
<div class="tow">tow</div>
<div class="three">three</div>
</body>
</html>
<!-- 浮动元素会脱离标准流,在标准流中不占位置 -->
<!-- 浮动元素比标准流元素高半个级别,可以覆盖标准流中的元素 -->
<!-- 浮动找浮动,下一个浮动元素会在上一个浮动元素后面左右浮动 -->
<!-- 浮动在一行排列,可以设置宽高(行内块元素) -->
结构伪类
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
/* 第一个 */
li:first-child{
background-color: aqua;
}
/* 最后一个 */
li:last-child{
background-color: blue;
}
/* 第三个 */
li:nth-child(3){
background-color: blueviolet;
}
/* 倒数第三个 */
li:nth-last-child(3){
background-color: brown;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<ul>
<li>这是第1个li</li>
<li>这是第2个li</li>
<li>这是第3个li</li>
<li>这是第4个li</li>
<li>这是第5个li</li>
<li>这是第6个li</li>
<li>这是第7个li</li>
<li>这是第8个li</li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
/* 选中偶数 2n,even */
li:nth-child(2n){
background-color: aqua;
}
/* 选中奇数 */
li:nth-child(2n+1){
background-color: blueviolet;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<ul>
<li>这是第1个li</li>
<li>这是第2个li</li>
<li>这是第3个li</li>
<li>这是第4个li</li>
<li>这是第5个li</li>
<li>这是第6个li</li>
<li>这是第7个li</li>
<li>这是第8个li</li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
伪元素
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
/* 伪元素默认为行内标签 */
/* 伪元素中必须要加content */
.father{
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
background-color: pink;
}
.father::before{
content: '老鼠';
color: blue;
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: black;
}
.father::after{
content: '大米';
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<!-- 通过CSS创建标签,用于装饰性的不重要的小图 -->
<div class="father">爱</div>
</body>
</html>
清除浮动
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
.top{
width: 1000px;
/* height: 300px; */
background-color: pink;
margin: 0 auto;
overflow: hidden;
}
.bottom{
height: 200px;
background-color: green;
}
.one{
float: left;
width: 190px;
height: 300px;
background-color: red;
}
.tow{
float: right;
width: 790px;
height: 300px;
background-color: blue;
}
/* .clearfix{
clear:both
} */
/* .clearfix::after{
content: '';
伪元素添加的是行内元素,需转化为块级元素
display: block;
clear: both;
补充代码,为了兼容性
height: 0;
visibility: hidden;
} */
/* .clearfix::before是为了解决外边距塌陷问题 */
/* .clearfix::before,
.clearfix::after{
content: '';
display: table;
}
.clearfix::after{
clear: both;
} */
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="top clearfix">
<div class="one"></div>
<div class="tow"></div>
<!-- <div class="clearfix"></div> -->
</div>
<div class="bottom"></div>
</body>
</html>
<!-- 清除浮动方法有 -->
<!-- 1、给父元素加高 -->
<!-- 2、额外标签法
1)在父元素最后添加一个块级元素
2)给添加的块级元素设置clear:both
缺点是会在页面中添加额外的标签,会让HTML变得更加复杂 -->
<!-- 3、单伪元素清除法
用伪元素代替了额外标签(项目中使用) -->
<!-- 4、双为元素清除法 -->
<!-- 5、给父元素设置 overflow:hidden -->
CSS属性顺序
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>
<!-- css书写顺序:(浏览器执行效率会更高) -->
<br>
1、浮动/display
<br>
2、盒子模型:margin border padding 宽 高 背景色
<br>
3、文字样式
</p>
</body>
</html>