修改字符集为UTF8

• 查看当前字符集：

SQL> select userenv('language') from dual;

USERENV('LANGUAGE')
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK

当前字符集是GBK，需要修改为UTF8。

步骤

• 关闭实例

SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

• 打开至mount

SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 2455228416 bytes
Fixed Size            2255712 bytes
Variable Size          603980960 bytes
Database Buffers     1828716544 bytes
Redo Buffers           20275200 bytes
Database mounted.

• 开启限制会话模式：
  对数据库进行维护时，如果不想用户登录，不停监听，可以启用restricted session，启用RESTRICTED模式以后，除了管理员都不能登录。

SQL> alter system enable restricted session;

System altered.

• 防止有任务自动启动执行，设定参数job_queue_processes和aq_tm_processes为0：

SQL> alter system set job_queue_processes=0;

System altered.

job_queue_processes这个参数的意思是允许并行的JOB数量，如果job_queue_processes的值设置为0，则任意方式创建的job都不会运行。

SQL> alter system set aq_tm_processes=0;

System altered.

aq_tm_processes是启动的AQ时间管理器的数量
AQ_TM_PROCESSES enables time monitoring of queue messages. The times can be used in messages that specify delay and expiration properties. Values from 1 to 10 specify the number of queue monitor processes created to monitor the messages. If AQ_TM_PROCESSES is not specified or is set to 0, then the queue monitor is not created.
如果大于零,就会启用对队列消息的时间监视。该时间值可用于指定消息的延迟和失效属性(用于应用程序的开发)。值从1到10指定为监视消息而创建的队列监视进程的数量。如果未指定aq_tm_processes或将其设置为0，则不会创建队列监视器。

• 实例open

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

• 修改字符集为UTF8

SQL> alter database character set internal_use utf8;

Database altered.

• 重启实例

SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 2455228416 bytes
Fixed Size            2255712 bytes
Variable Size          603980960 bytes
Database Buffers     1828716544 bytes
Redo Buffers           20275200 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> select userenv('language') from dual;

USERENV('LANGUAGE')
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.UTF8



SQL> select * from V$NLS_PARAMETERS;

PARAMETER               VALUE
------------------------------ ------------------------------
NLS_LANGUAGE               SIMPLIFIED CHINESE
NLS_TERRITORY               CHINA
NLS_CURRENCY                   ￥
NLS_ISO_CURRENCY           CHINA
NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS           .,
NLS_CALENDAR               GREGORIAN
NLS_DATE_FORMAT            DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS
NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE           SIMPLIFIED CHINESE
NLS_CHARACTERSET           UTF8
NLS_SORT               BINARY
NLS_TIME_FORMAT            HH.MI.SSXFF AM
NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT           DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM
NLS_TIME_TZ_FORMAT           HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR
NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT        DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR
NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY              ￥
NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET           AL16UTF16
NLS_COMP               BINARY
NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS           BYTE
NLS_NCHAR_CONV_EXCP           FALSE

19 rows selected.