Prometheus Alertmanager告警模板

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已于 2024-04-12 01:23:33 修改

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分类专栏： 2024年程序员学习文章标签： prometheus

于 2024-04-12 01:23:31 首次发布

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By default, all text between actions is copied verbatim when the template
is executed. For example, the string " items are made of " in the example
above appears on standard output when the program is run.

However, to aid in formatting template source code, if an action’s left
delimiter (by default “{{”) is followed immediately by a minus sign and
ASCII space character (“{{- “), all trailing white space is trimmed from
the immediately preceding text. Similarly, if the right delimiter (”}}”)
is preceded by a space and minus sign (" -}}"), all leading white space
is trimmed from the immediately following text. In these trim markers,
the ASCII space must be present; “{{-3}}” parses as an action containing
the number -3.

For instance, when executing the template whose source is

“{{23 -}} < {{- 45}}”

the generated output would be

“23<45”

For this trimming, the definition of white space characters is the same
as in Go: space, horizontal tab, carriage return, and newline.


### 2.2 Actions

Here is the list of actions. “Arguments” and “pipelines” are evaluations
of data, defined in detail in the corresponding sections that follow.

{{/* a comment /}}
{{- / a comment with white space trimmed from preceding and following text */ -}}
A comment; discarded. May contain newlines.
Comments do not nest and must start and end at the
delimiters, as shown here.

{{pipeline}}
The default textual representation (the same as would be
printed by fmt.Print) of the value of the pipeline is copied
to the output.

{{if pipeline}} T1 {{end}}
If the value of the pipeline is empty, no output is generated;
otherwise, T1 is executed. The empty values are false, 0, any
nil pointer or interface value, and any array, slice, map, or
string of length zero.
Dot is unaffected.

{{if pipeline}} T1 {{else}} T0 {{end}}
If the value of the pipeline is empty, T0 is executed;
otherwise, T1 is executed. Dot is unaffected.

{{if pipeline}} T1 {{else if pipeline}} T0 {{end}}
To simplify the appearance of if-else chains, the else action
of an if may include another if directly; the effect is exactly
the same as writing
{{if pipeline}} T1 {{else}}{{if pipeline}} T0 {{end}}{{end}}

{{range pipeline}} T1 {{end}}
The value of the pipeline must be an array, slice, map, or channel.
If the value of the pipeline has length zero, nothing is output;
otherwise, dot is set to the successive elements of the array,
slice, or map and T1 is executed. If the value is a map and the
keys are of basic type with a defined order, the elements will be
visited in sorted key order.

{{range pipeline}} T1 {{else}} T0 {{end}}
The value of the pipeline must be an array, slice, map, or channel.
If the value of the pipeline has length zero, dot is unaffected and
T0 is executed; otherwise, dot is set to the successive elements
of the array, slice, or map and T1 is executed.

{{template “name”}}
The template with the specified name is executed with nil data.

{{template “name” pipeline}}
The template with the specified name is executed with dot set
to the value of the pipeline.

{{block “name” pipeline}} T1 {{end}}
A block is shorthand for defining a template
{{define “name”}} T1 {{end}}
and then executing it in place
{{template “name” pipeline}}
The typical use is to define a set of root templates that are
then customized by redefining the block templates within.

{{with pipeline}} T1 {{end}}
If the value of the pipeline is empty, no output is generated;
otherwise, dot is set to the value of the pipeline and T1 is
executed.

{{with pipeline}} T1 {{else}} T0 {{end}}
If the value of the pipeline is empty, dot is unaffected and T0
is executed; otherwise, dot is set to the value of the pipeline
and T1 is executed.


## 3、Alert数据结构


告警的数据结构主要如下，




| Name | Type | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Status | string | Defines whether or not the alert is resolved or currently firing. |
| Labels | KV | A set of labels to be attached to the alert. |
| Annotations | KV | A set of annotations for the alert. |
| StartsAt | time.Time | The time the alert started firing. If omitted, the current time is assigned by the Alertmanager. |
| EndsAt | time.Time | Only set if the end time of an alert is known. Otherwise set to a configurable timeout period from the time since the last alert was received. |
| GeneratorURL | string | A backlink which identifies the causing entity of this alert. |


### 3.1 Labels


**Labels**为prometheus web上告警时的label，如下  
 ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020121910333177.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3UwMTAwMzk0MTg=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)


### 3.2 Annotations


Annotations为用户在告警规则里定义的**annotations**字段，

groups:

name: node_health
rules:
- alert: HighMemoryUsage
  expr: node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes / node_memory_MemTotal_bytes < 0.9
  for: 1m
  labels:
  severity: warning
  annotations:
  summary: High memory usage


### 3.3 StartsAt和EndsAt


StartsAt用于告警触发的时间，EndsAt则用于告警恢复的时间。


如果我们在告警模板中直接使用$alert.StartsAt，得到的时间格式如下，

告警时间：2020-12-16 22:35:33.676515606 +0800 CST


这个时间也就是和我们机器上的时间一致，因此如果需要保证机器上的时间是我们需要的时区。


可以通过**tzselect**命令设置时区，完成后最好重启下系统，通过/var/log/messages的时间戳来确定时间是否满足我们的需求，这样我们收到的告警时间才是符合我们所在时区。




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