AutoreleasePool的原理

Tips:利用_objc_autoreleasePoolPrint()可以查看注册到autoreleasepool的对象，方便我们调试。

autoreleasepool的结构是一个双向链表，分别指向parent和child表，一个page表相当于一个栈结构，遵循先进后出

结构分析

AutoreleasePoolPage

打开NSObject源码我们发现autoreleasepool接口围绕AutoreleasePoolPage进行调用，源码如下：

class AutoreleasePoolPage 
{
   
    // EMPTY_POOL_PLACEHOLDER is stored in TLS when exactly one pool is 
    // pushed and it has never contained any objects. This saves memory 
    // when the top level (i.e. libdispatch) pushes and pops pools but 
    // never uses them.
#   define EMPTY_POOL_PLACEHOLDER ((id*)1)

#   define POOL_BOUNDARY nil
    static pthread_key_t const key = AUTORELEASE_POOL_KEY;
    static uint8_t const SCRIBBLE = 0xA3;  // 0xA3A3A3A3 after releasing
    static size_t const SIZE = 
#if PROTECT_AUTORELEASEPOOL
        PAGE_MAX_SIZE;  // must be multiple of vm page size
#else
        PAGE_MAX_SIZE;  // size and alignment, power of 2
#endif
    static size_t const COUNT = SIZE / sizeof(id);

    magic_t const magic;
    id *next;
    pthread_t const thread;
    AutoreleasePoolPage * const parent;
    AutoreleasePoolPage *child;
    uint32_t const depth;
    uint32_t hiwat;

    // SIZE-sizeof(*this) bytes of contents follow

    static void * operator new(size_t size) {
   
        return malloc_zone_memalign(malloc_default_zone(), SIZE, SIZE);
    }
    static void operator delete(void * p) {
   
        return free(p);
    }
	...... //此处略去代码
	
	id * begin() {
   
        return (id *) ((uint8_t *)this+sizeof(*this));
    }

    id * end() {
   
        return (id *) ((uint8_t *)this+SIZE);
    }

    bool empty() {
   
        return next == begin();
    }

    bool full() {
    
        return next == end();
    }

    bool lessThanHalfFull() {
   
        return (next - begin() < (end() - begin()) / 2);
    }

    id *add(id obj)
    {
   
        assert(!full());
        unprotect();
        id *ret = next;  // faster than `return next-1` because of aliasing
        *next++ = obj;
        protect();
        return ret;
    }
    
    ......//此处略去代码
    
public:
    static inline id autorelease(id obj)
    {
   
        assert(obj);
        assert(!obj->isTaggedPointer());
        id *dest __unused = autoreleaseFast(obj);
        assert(!dest  ||  dest == EMPTY_POOL_PLACEHOLDER  ||  *dest == obj);
        return obj;
    }


    static inline void *push() 
    {
   
        id *dest;
        if (DebugPoolAllocation) {
   
            // Each autorelease pool starts on a new pool page.
            dest = autoreleaseNewPage(POOL_BOUNDARY);
        } else {
   
            dest = autoreleaseFast(POOL_BOUNDARY);
        }
        assert(dest == EMPTY_POOL_PLACEHOLDER || *dest == POOL_BOUNDARY);
        return dest;
    }

• magic 用来校验 AutoreleasePoolPage 的结构是否完整；
• next 指向最新添加的 autoreleased 对象的下一个位置，初始化时指向 begin()；
• thread 指向当前线程；
• parent 指向父结点，第一个结点的 parent 值为 nil；
• child 指向子结点，最后一个结点的 child 值为 nil ；
• depth 代表深度，从 0 开始，往后递增 1；
• hiwat 代表 high water mark 。
• 分配的内存大小PAGE_MAX_SIZE为4096，即虚拟内存一页大小
• obj->isTaggedPointer()表示Tagged Pointer对象不能加入autoreleasepool
  另外，当next == begin() 时，表示 AutoreleasePoolPage 为空；当 next == end() 时，表示 AutoreleasePoolPage 已满。

---

创建函数

由源码可知，由push操作创建一个新的AutoreleasePoolPage，看下创建函数

AutoreleasePoolPage(AutoreleasePoolPage *newParent) 
        : magic(), next(begin()), thread(pthread_self()),
          parent(newParent), child(nil)<