1.基本概念
按数据类型分:Java有字节流和字符流两种:
字节流:InputStream/OutputStream
字符流:Reader/Writer
字节流读取的时候,读到一个字节就返回一个字节;
字符流使用了字节流读到一个或多个字节(中文对应的字节是两个,UTF-8码表中是3个)时,先去查指定的编码表,将查到的字符返回。
2.常用子类
字节流都是以InputStream/OutputStream/Stream结尾,InputStream/OutputStream前面代表这个流的作用,它们都继承了InputStream/OutputStream,
比如FileInputStream/FileInputStream表示操作文件内容的字节流,PrintStream表示用于格式化打印的字节流;
字符流都是以Reader/Writer结尾,Reader/Writer前面代表这个流的作用,它们都继承了Reader/Writer,
比如FileReader/FileWriter表示操作文件内容的字符流,PrintWriter表示用于格式化打印的字符流。
2.使用场合
字节流可以处理所有类型数据,如图片、MP3等;
字符流只能处理字符数据。
下面是一个使用字节流和字符流实例:
FileIO.java文件:
package com.swsx.io;
import java.io.File;
/**
* 用于文件输入输出操作的接口
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public interface FileIO {
String CLASS_PATH = System.getProperty("java.class.path") + File.separator;
/**
* 换行符
*/
String LINE_SEPARATOR = System.getProperty("line.separator");
/**
* 建立一个文件
* @param fileName
* @return
*/
boolean createFile(String fileName);
/**
* 删除一个文件
* @param fileName
* @return
*/
boolean deleteFile(String fileName);
/**
* 将内容写入到文件中
* @param fileName
* @param content
*/
void writeFile(String fileName, String content);
/**
* 将内容写入到文件中
* @param fileName
* @param content
* @param append 内是否追加
*/
void writeFile(String fileName, String content, boolean append);
/**
* 读文件中的内容
* @param fileName
* @return
*/
String readFile(String fileName);
}
AbstractFileIO.java文件:
package com.swsx.io;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* 实现FileIO的抽象类
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public abstract class AbstractFileIO implements FileIO {
public AbstractFileIO() {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
@Override
public boolean createFile(String fileName) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if(fileName != null && !fileName.equals(""))
{
File file = new File(CLASS_PATH + fileName);
try {
return file.createNewFile();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return false;
}
@Override
public boolean deleteFile(String fileName) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if(fileName != null && !fileName.equals(""))
{
File file = new File(CLASS_PATH + fileName);
return file.delete();
}
return false;
}
@Override
public void writeFile(String fileName, String content) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
writeFile(fileName, content, false);
}
@Override
public abstract void writeFile(String fileName, String content, boolean append);
@Override
public abstract String readFile(String fileName);
}
FileStreamIO.java文件:
package com.swsx.io;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintStream;
/**
* 文件输入输出操作字节流实现
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class FileStreamIO extends AbstractFileIO {
public FileStreamIO() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
@Override
public void writeFile(String fileName, String content, boolean append){
if(fileName != null && content != null && !fileName.equals(""))
{
byte[] b = content.getBytes();
OutputStream output = null;
try {
output = new FileOutputStream(CLASS_PATH + fileName, append);
output.write(b);
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
if(output != null){
try {
output.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
//方法一:使用一个事先定好长度的字节数组保存全部文件内容(可能溢出)
// @Override
// public String readFile(String fileName){
// if(fileName != null && !fileName.equals("")){
// File file = new File(CLASS_PATH + fileName);
// InputStream input = null;
// byte[] b = new byte[1024];//文件内容全部读到这里
// try {
// input = new FileInputStream(file);
// int temp = 0;
// int count = 0;
// while((temp = input.read()) != -1){
// b[count++] = (byte)temp;//文件过大时,可能会溢出
// }
// return new String(b);
// } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
// // TODO Auto-generated catch block
// e.printStackTrace();
// } catch (IOException e) {
// // TODO Auto-generated catch block
// e.printStackTrace();
// }finally{
// if(input != null){
// try {
// input.close();
// } catch (IOException e) {
// // TODO Auto-generated catch block
// e.printStackTrace();
// }
// }
// }
// }
// return null;
// }
//方法二:使用ByteArrayOutputStream生成一个存储文件内容的字节数组(可以避免内容溢出)
@Override
public String readFile(String fileName){
if(fileName != null && !fileName.equals("")){
File file = new File(CLASS_PATH + fileName);
InputStream input = null;
//只是一个缓冲区 文件全部内容读到ByteArrayOutputStream中
byte[] b = new byte[16];
ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
try {
input = new FileInputStream(file);
int len = 0;
while((len = input.read(b)) != -1){
out.write(b, 0, len);//ByteArrayOutputStream不会溢出
}
return new String(out.toByteArray());//将ByteArrayOutputStream中的内容转化为字节数组
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
if(input != null){
try {
input.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* 格式化写文件
* @param fileName
* @param append
* @param format
* @param args
*/
public static void PrintFile(String fileName, boolean append, String format, Object...args){
if(fileName != null && format != null && !fileName.equals("")){
PrintStream pt = null;
try {
pt =new PrintStream(new FileOutputStream(CLASS_PATH + fileName, append));
pt.printf(format, args);
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
if(pt != null){
pt.close();
}
}
}
}
}
FileCharacterIO.java文件:
package com.swsx.io;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Reader;
import java.io.Writer;
/**
* 文件输入输出操作字符流实现
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class FileCharacterIO extends AbstractFileIO {
public FileCharacterIO() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
@Override
public void writeFile(String fileName, String content, boolean append) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if(fileName != null && content != null && !fileName.equals(""))
{
Writer out = null;
try {
out = new FileWriter(CLASS_PATH + fileName, append);
out.write(content);
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
if(out != null){
try {
out.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
//方法一:使用一个事先定好长度的字符数组保存全部文件内容(可能溢出)
// @Override
// public String readFile(String fileName) {
// // TODO Auto-generated method stub
// if(fileName != null && !fileName.equals("")){
// File file = new File(CLASS_PATH + fileName);
// Reader in = null;
// char[] c = new char[1024];//文件内容全部读到这里
// try {
// in = new FileReader(file);
// int temp = 0;
// int count = 0;
// while((temp = in.read()) != -1){
// c[count++] = (char)temp;//文件过大时,可能会溢出
// }
//
// return new String(c);
// } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
// // TODO Auto-generated catch block
// e.printStackTrace();
// } catch (IOException e) {
// // TODO Auto-generated catch block
// e.printStackTrace();
// }finally{
// if(in != null){
// try {
// in.close();
// } catch (IOException e) {
// // TODO Auto-generated catch block
// e.printStackTrace();
// }
// }
// }
// }
// return null;
// }
//方法二:使用StringBuffer或StringBuilder存储文件内容(可以避免内容溢出)
@Override
public String readFile(String fileName) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if(fileName != null && !fileName.equals("")){
File file = new File(CLASS_PATH + fileName);
Reader in = null;
//只是一个缓冲区 文件全部内容读到StringBuffer或StringBuilder中
char[] c = new char[16];
//StringBuffer或StringBuilder存储文件内容
StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer();
try {
in = new FileReader(file);
int len = 0;
while((len = in.read(c)) != -1){
strBuffer.append(c, 0, len);//不会溢出
}
return strBuffer.toString();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
if(in != null){
try {
in.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
return null;
}
}
TestFileIO.java文件:
package com.swsx.io;
public class TestFileIO {
public static void main(String[] agrs){
FileIO fileIO = new FileCharacterIO();
String fileName = "test1.txt";
if(fileIO.createFile(fileName)){
System.out.println("success");
}
String content = "你好!" + FileIO.LINE_SEPARATOR + "hello" + FileIO.LINE_SEPARATOR;
fileIO.writeFile(fileName,content);
FileStreamIO.PrintFile(fileName,true, "姓名:%s 年龄:%d%s", "张三", 3, FileIO.LINE_SEPARATOR);
System.out.println(fileIO.readFile(fileName));
fileIO.deleteFile(fileName);
}
}
//输出:
//success
//你好!
//hello
//姓名:张三 年龄:3