1.分解字符串为一组字符串。s为要分解的字符串,delim为分隔符字符串。首次调用时,s指向要分解的字符串,之后再次调用要把s设成NULL。
2.
源码: /*** *strtok.c - tokenize a string with given delimiters * * Copyright (c) 1989-1997, Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. * *Purpose: * defines strtok() - breaks string into series of token * via repeated calls. * *******************************************************************************/ #include <cruntime.h> #include <string.h> #ifdef _MT #include <mtdll.h> #endif /* _MT */ /*** *char *strtok(string, control) - tokenize string with delimiter in control * *Purpose: * strtok considers the string to consist of a sequence of zero or more * text tokens separated by spans of one or more control chars. the first * call, with string specified, returns a pointer to the first char of the * first token, and will write a null char into string immediately * following the returned token. subsequent calls with zero for the first * argument (string) will work thru the string until no tokens remain. the * control string may be different from call to call. when no tokens remain * in string a NULL pointer is returned. remember the control chars with a * bit map, one bit per ascii char. the null char is always a control char. * *Entry: * char *string - string to tokenize, or NULL to get next token * char *control - string of characters to use as delimiters * *Exit: * returns pointer to first token in string, or if string * was NULL, to next token * returns NULL when no more tokens remain. * *Uses: * *Exceptions: * *******************************************************************************/ char * __cdecl strtok ( char * string, const char * control ) { unsigned char *str; const unsigned char *ctrl = control; unsigned char map[32]; int count; #ifdef _MT _ptiddata ptd = _getptd(); #else /* _MT */ static char *nextoken; #endif /* _MT */ /* Clear control map */ for (count = 0; count < 32; count++) map[count] = 0; /* Set bits in delimiter table */ do { map[*ctrl >> 3] |= (1 << (*ctrl & 7)); } while (*ctrl++); /* Initialize str. If string is NULL, set str to the saved * pointer (i.e., continue breaking tokens out of the string * from the last strtok call) */ if (string) str = string; else #ifdef _MT str = ptd->_token; #else /* _MT */ str = nextoken; #endif /* _MT */ /* Find beginning of token (skip over leading delimiters). Note that * there is no token iff this loop sets str to point to the terminal * null (*str == '/0') */ while ( (map[*str >> 3] & (1 << (*str & 7))) && *str ) str++; string = str; /* Find the end of the token. If it is not the end of the string, * put a null there. */ for ( ; *str ; str++ ) if ( map[*str >> 3] & (1 << (*str & 7)) ) { *str++ = '/0'; break; } /* Update nextoken (or the corresponding field in the per-thread data * structure */ #ifdef _MT ptd->_token = str; #else /* _MT */ nextoken = str; #endif /* _MT */ /* Determine if a token has been found. */ if ( string == str ) return NULL; else return string; } 源码结束!! /****************************************************** if (string) 这里就是为什么第二次str要赋值为NULL的原因 str = string; else #ifdef _MT str = ptd->_token; #else /* _MT */ str = nextoken; #endif /* _MT */ ××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××/ /************************************************************** 以下是算法: map[*ctrl >> 3] |= (1 << (*ctrl & 7))说明: map[*ctrl >> 3] |= (1 << (*ctrl & 7)); 这句是这样的意思 首先map[32]是个uchar型数组,数组每一个是8位,其中每一位可以表示一个字符,32×8=256,这样的话,map[32]中有256个bit,每个bit表示一个ASCII码,那么可以表示256个ASCII码。 *ctrl >> 3,表示将安ascii码,给其分类,*ctrl >> 3表示,除以8的意思,将ascii每八位分为一组,也就是map[32]中的一个。 1 << (*ctrl & 7),这个是这样的意思,7表示为二进制就是00000111,这样的话,相当于是一个数除以8后剩余的余数。1 << (*ctrl & 7),就是将二进制00000001,向右移动(*ctrl & 7)个位。 map[*ctrl >> 3] |= (1 << (*ctrl & 7)),就是表示将map[*ctrl >> 3]中的(*ctrl & 7)+1位设为1,表示在该位置查询到一个ascii字符。 这样做以后,就相当于简历了一个表,只要查询相应的位是否为1,就知道该字符,在strtok的字符串中是否出现过。分析:
这里类似于函数重载,相当于第一次使用静态变量将值存在数组中,以后每次调用的时候,直接调用函数,就可以在静态数组中读取该值。