Android之SurfaceView、Camera

Android中使用相机的步骤如下：

• Detect and Access Camera - Create code to check for the existence ofcameras and request access.
• Create a Preview Class - Create a camera preview class that extendsSurfaceView and implements theSurfaceHolder interface. Thisclass previews the live images from the camera.
• Build a Preview Layout - Once you have the camera preview class, create aview layout that incorporates the preview and the user interface controls you want.
• Setup Listeners for Capture - Connect listeners for your interfacecontrols to start image or video capture in response to user actions, such as pressing abutton.
• Capture and Save Files - Setup the code for capturing pictures orvideos and saving the output.
• Release the Camera - After using the camera, your application mustproperly release it for use by other applications.

具体详细的代码如下：

1.Manifest.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.syy.camera.activity"
    android:versionCode="1"
    android:versionName="1.0" >

    <uses-sdk
        android:minSdkVersion="10"
        android:targetSdkVersion="10" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />
    <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
        <activity
            android:name="com.syy.camera.activity.MainActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name" 
            android:screenOrientation="landscape"
            >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

2.CameraUtil.java

package com.syy.camera.util;

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.hardware.Camera;

public class CameraUtil {

    /** 
     * 检查设备是否有照相的功能 
     * @param context 上下文环境
     * @return
     * */
    public static boolean checkCameraHardware(Context context) {
        if (context.getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_CAMERA)){
            // this device has a camera
            return true;
        } else {
            // no camera on this device
            return false;
        }
    }
    /** 
     * 获得Camera实例
     */
    public static Camera getCameraInstance(){
        Camera c = null;
        try {
            c = Camera.open(); // attempt to get a Camera instance
        }
        catch (Exception e){
            // Camera is not available (in use or does not exist)
        }
        return c; // returns null if camera is unavailable
    }
    
}

3.创建预览布局文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    >
  <FrameLayout
    android:id="@+id/camera_preview"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    android:layout_weight="1"
    />

  <Button
    android:id="@+id/button_capture"
    android:text="Capture"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_gravity="center"
    />
</LinearLayout>

4.CameraPriview.java

package com.syy.camera.util;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Rect;
import android.hardware.Camera;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.SurfaceHolder;
import android.view.SurfaceView;

/** 
 *  照相预览的类
*/
public class CameraPreview extends SurfaceView implements SurfaceHolder.Callback {
    private SurfaceHolder mHolder;
    private Camera mCamera;
    private static final String TAG="tag";
    
    public CameraPreview(Context context, Camera camera) {
        super(context);
        mCamera = camera;

        // Install a SurfaceHolder.Callback so we get notified when the
        // underlying surface is created and destroyed.
        mHolder = getHolder();
        mHolder.addCallback(this);
        // deprecated setting, but required on Android versions prior to 3.0
        mHolder.setType(SurfaceHolder.SURFACE_TYPE_PUSH_BUFFERS);
    }

    public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {
        // The Surface has been created, now tell the camera where to draw the preview.
        try {
            mCamera.setPreviewDisplay(holder);
            mCamera.startPreview();
         // get Camera parameters
            Camera.Parameters params = mCamera.getParameters();
            // set the focus mode
            params.setFocusMode(Camera.Parameters.FOCUS_MODE_AUTO);
            // set Camera parameters
            mCamera.setParameters(params);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            Log.d(TAG, "Error setting camera preview: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {
        // empty. Take care of releasing the Camera preview in your activity.
    }

    public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int w, int h) {
        // If your preview can change or rotate, take care of those events here.
        // Make sure to stop the preview before resizing or reformatting it.

        if (mHolder.getSurface() == null){
          // preview surface does not exist
          return;
        }

        // stop preview before making changes
        try {
            mCamera.stopPreview();
        } catch (Exception e){
          // ignore: tried to stop a non-existent preview
        }

        // set preview size and make any resize, rotate or
        // reformatting changes here

        // start preview with new settings
        try {
            mCamera.setPreviewDisplay(mHolder);
            mCamera.startPreview();

        } catch (Exception e){
            Log.d(TAG, "Error starting camera preview: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

5.MainActivity.java

package com.syy.camera.activity;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.hardware.Camera;
import android.hardware.Camera.PictureCallback;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.FrameLayout;
import android.widget.Toast;

import com.syy.camera.util.CameraPreview;
import com.syy.camera.util.CameraUtil;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
	private Camera mCamera;
 	private CameraPreview mPreview;
 	 private static final String TAG="tag";
 	public static final int MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE = 1;
 	public static final int MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO = 2;

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		// Create an instance of Camera
        mCamera = CameraUtil.getCameraInstance();
        // Create our Preview view and set it as the content of our activity.
        mPreview = new CameraPreview(this, mCamera);
        // Create our Preview view and set it as the content of our activity.
        mPreview = new CameraPreview(this, mCamera);
        FrameLayout preview = (FrameLayout) findViewById(R.id.camera_preview);
        preview.addView(mPreview);
     // Add a listener to the Capture button
        Button captureButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button_capture);
        captureButton.setOnClickListener(
            new View.OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(View v) {
                    // get an image from the camera
                    mCamera.takePicture(null, null, mPicture);
                }
            }
        );
	}
	private PictureCallback mPicture = new PictureCallback() {

	    @Override
	    public void onPictureTaken(byte[] data, Camera camera) {

	        File pictureFile = getOutputMediaFile(MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE);
	        if (pictureFile == null){          
	            return;
	        }
	        try {
	            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(pictureFile);
	            fos.write(data);
	            fos.close();
	            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "文件已保存", 2000).show();
	        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
	            Log.d(TAG, "File not found: " + e.getMessage());
	        } catch (IOException e) {
	            Log.d(TAG, "Error accessing file: " + e.getMessage());
	        }
	    }
	};
	/** Create a file Uri for saving an image or video */
	private static Uri getOutputMediaFileUri(int type){
	      return Uri.fromFile(getOutputMediaFile(type));
	}

	/** Create a File for saving an image or video */
	private static File getOutputMediaFile(int type){
	    // To be safe, you should check that the SDCard is mounted
	    // using Environment.getExternalStorageState() before doing this.

	    File mediaStorageDir = new File(Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(
	              Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES), "MyCameraApp");
	    // This location works best if you want the created images to be shared
	    // between applications and persist after your app has been uninstalled.

	    // Create the storage directory if it does not exist
	    if (! mediaStorageDir.exists()){
	        if (! mediaStorageDir.mkdirs()){
	            Log.d("MyCameraApp", "failed to create directory");
	            return null;
	        }
	    }

	    // Create a media file name
	    String timeStamp = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd_HHmmss").format(new Date());
	    File mediaFile;
	    if (type == MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE){
	        mediaFile = new File(mediaStorageDir.getPath() + File.separator +
	        "IMG_"+ timeStamp + ".jpg");
	    } else if(type == MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) {
	        mediaFile = new File(mediaStorageDir.getPath() + File.separator +
	        "VID_"+ timeStamp + ".mp4");
	    } else {
	        return null;
	    }

	    return mediaFile;
	}
	@Override
    protected void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        releaseCamera();              // release the camera immediately on pause event
    }
	 private void releaseCamera(){
	        if (mCamera != null){
	            mCamera.release();        // release the camera for other applications
	            mCamera = null;
	        }
	    }


}