作用域的原理

理解作用域的原理

 当python遇到对变量的引用时，python会在当前函数范围内去查找这个变量是否在函数内有赋值。如果在函数内部无法找到这个变量，python会继续在主函数内查找是否存在该变量。如果有，python就会使用这个变量的值。

举例：
“”“examples of local variables”""
A = ‘This is the text message from main’

def test1():
print(‘in test1.’)
print(A)
print (‘leaving test1.’)

def test2():
print(‘in test2.’)
A = ‘This is the text message from test2.’
print(A)
print (‘leaving test2.’)

def test3():
print (‘in test3.’)
print(A)
A = ‘This is the text message from test3.’
print(’ leaving test3.’)

test1()
test2()
test3()
结果是：
in test1.
This is the text message from main
leaving test1.
in test2.
This is the text message from test2.
leaving test2.
in test3.
Traceback (most recent call last):
File “C:/Users/dearh/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python36/exercise/locals.py”, line 23, in
test3()
File “C:/Users/dearh/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python36/exercise/locals.py”, line 17, in test3
print(A)
UnboundLocalError: local variable ‘A’ referenced before assignment

test3中A的变量是在输出后定义的，它在test3中先查找了一下，有的。