LeetCode：第十题

Given an input string (s) and a pattern §, implement regular expression matching with support for ‘.’ and ‘*’.

‘.’ Matches any single character.
‘*’ Matches zero or more of the preceding element.
The matching should cover the entire input string (not partial).

Note:

s could be empty and contains only lowercase letters a-z.
p could be empty and contains only lowercase letters a-z, and characters like . or *.
Example 1:

Input:
s = “aa”
p = “a”
Output: false
Explanation: “a” does not match the entire string “aa”.
Example 2:

Input:
s = “aa”
p = “a*”
Output: true
Explanation: ‘*’ means zero or more of the precedeng element, ‘a’. Therefore, by repeating ‘a’ once, it becomes “aa”.
Example 3:

Input:
s = “ab”
p = “."
Output: true
Explanation: ".” means “zero or more (*) of any character (.)”.
Example 4:

Input:
s = “aab”
p = “cab”
Output: true
Explanation: c can be repeated 0 times, a can be repeated 1 time. Therefore it matches “aab”.
Example 5:

Input:
s = “mississippi”
p = “misisp*.”
Output: false

先尝试暴力解法，难点就在 * 身上， * 不会单独出现，它一定是和前面一个字母或".“配成一对。看成一对后"X*”，它的性质就是：要不匹配0个，要不匹配连续的“X”.所以尝试暴力解法的时候一个trick是从后往前匹配.

暴力解法居然也能AC?

是这样来分情况看得:

• 如果s[i] = p[j] 或者 p[j]= . ： 往前匹配一位
• 如果p[j] = ’ * ', 检查一下，如果这个时候p[j-1] = . 或者p[j-1] = s[i] ，那么就往前匹配，
• 如果这样能匹配过，就return True（注意如果这样不能最终匹配成功的话我们不能直接返回False，因为还可以直接忽略’ X* '进行一下匹配试试是否可行）， 否则我们忽略 ’ X* ',这里注意里面的递推关系
• 再处理一下边界状况：
  s已经匹配完了， 如果此时p还有，那么如果剩下的是 X* 这种可以过，所以检查
  p匹配完毕，如果s还有那么报错

在这里插入代码片
```class Solution(object):
    def isMatch(self, s, p):
        """
        :type s: str
        :type p: str
        :rtype: bool
        """
        def helper(s, i, p, j):
            if j == -1:
                return i == -1
            if i == -1:
                if p[j] != '*':
                    return False
                return helper(s, i, p, j-2)
            if p[j] == '*':
                if p[j-1] == '.' or p[j-1] == s[i]:
                    if helper(s, i-1, p, j):
                        return True
                return helper(s, i, p, j-2)
            if p[j] == '.' or p[j] == s[i]:
                return helper(s, i-1, p, j-1)
            return False

        return helper(s, len(s)-1, p, len(p)-1)