【Java EE_ServletRequest接口_常用方法】

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已于 2022-10-08 15:44:38 修改

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分类专栏： Java EE 文章标签： java-ee servlet java

于 2022-09-30 16:39:05 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/shigecainiao/article/details/127108214

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ServletRequest常用方法

getParameter()（获取单个值）

接收类型：String
收到页面提交的单个值，字符串
例：

String username = req.getParameter(“username”);
String passwprd = req.getParameter(“password”);

/*
 * getParameter收到的是单个值（指定名称）
 * 
 * */
@WebServlet("/login")
public class UserLogin extends HttpServlet {
	
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		
	}
	@Override
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		String username = req.getParameter("username");
		//req形参中保存了我们传过来的username,password
		//我们需要用String 变量名 通过getParameter方法来接收
		String passwprd = req.getParameter("password");
		if ("admin".equals(username) && "123456".equals(passwprd)) {
			System.out.println("登录成功");
		}else {
			System.out.println("登录失败");
		}
	}
}

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>用户登录</h1>
<form action="login" method="post">
	<label>用户名:<input type="text" name="username"></label>
	<label>密码:<input type="password" name="password"></label>
	<input type="submit" value="登录">
</form>
</body>
</html>

getParameterValues()（获取相同过name的值集合）

接收类型：String[]
收到页面提交相同名称参数值，存为数组
例：

String[] hobbys = req.getParameterValues(“hobby”);

/*
 *
 * getParameterValues收到页面提交相同名称参数值，存为数组
 * 
 * */
@WebServlet("/login")
public class UserLogin extends HttpServlet {
	
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		
	}
	@Override
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); //处理乱码
		//我们需要用String[] 变量名 通过getParameterValues方法来接收
		String[] hobbys = req.getParameterValues("hobby");
		if (hobbys!=null) {
			for (String hobby : hobbys) {
				System.out.println(hobby);
			}
		}
	}
}

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>爱好</h1>
<form action="login" method="post">
	<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="唱歌">唱歌
	<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="跑步">跑步
	<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="跳绳">跳绳
	<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>

getParameterMap()（获取键值对集合）

接收类型：Map<String, String[]>
//获取所有参数将以为map集合形式返回
例：

Map<String, String[]> map = req.getParameterMap();


/*
 * Map
 * 	keySet方法可以获取到对应的keyname，
 *  get方法可以获取到对应keyname的value
 * */
@WebServlet("/user_02")
public class UserServlet_02 extends HttpServlet{
	@Override
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		doPost(req, resp);   //当提交方式为get方式时候，自动转成post方式
	}
	@Override
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		//获取所有参数将以为map参数形式返回
		Map<String, String[]> map = req.getParameterMap();
		//使用Map的ketSet()方法获取map里的值并存为集合
		Set<String> keySet = map.keySet();
		
		//遍历keySet集合，声明key遍历预接收keySet集合里的每个值
		for (String key : keySet) {
			System.out.println(key+"对应的值");
			//values接收key对应的value值
			String[] values = map.get(key);
			for (String value : values) {
				System.out.println(value);
			}
			System.out.println("-------------------我是一个分隔符-------------");
		}
	}
}

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	<form action="user_02" method="get">
		姓名：<input type="text" name="name"><br>
	 	年龄：<input type="text" name="age"><br>
	 	爱好：<br>
	 	<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="抽烟">抽烟
	 	<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="喝酒">喝酒
	 	<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="烫头">烫头
	 	<br>
	 	<input type="submit" value="提交">
	</form>
</body>
</html>

setAttribute()（将值存储至域）

将键值对存储至HttpServletRequest域中
与getAttribute（读取）配对使用
例：

req.setAttribute(“username”, “admin”); //存入域中
Object username = req.getAttribute(“username”); //通过username读取域中信息
System.out.println(username); //打印

getAttribute()（从域中读取值）

从HttpServletRequest域中读取值
例：

req.setAttribute(“username”, “admin”); //存入域中
Object username = req.getAttribute(“username”); //通过username读取域中信息
System.out.println(username); //打印

getRequestDispatcher()（转发）

将域信息转发到其他class类中
例：

req.getRequestDispatcher(“user_03”).forward(req, resp);
//转发到/user_03

getMethod()（获取请求方式）

接收类型：String
获取页面提交请求的方式 get？ or post?

public class getMethod extends HelloServlet {
	@Override
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		doPost(req, resp);
	}
	
	@Override
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		//获取页面提交请求的方式  get？ or post?
		String method = req.getMethod();
		System.out.print(method);
	}
}

getRequesURI()（获取主机名到请求参数之间的路径）

接收类型：String

public class getRequesURI extends HelloServlet {
	@Override
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		doPost(req, resp);
	}
	
	@Override
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		//获取返回主机名到请求参数之间的路径
		String requestURI = req.getRequestURI();
		System.out.print(requestURI);
	}
}

getRequestURL()（获取完整请求路径）

接收类型：String

public class getRequestURL extends HelloServlet {
	@Override
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		doPost(req, resp);
	}
	
	@Override
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		//获取完整的请求路径
		StringBuffer requestURL = req.getRequestURL();
		System.out.print(requestURL);
	}
}

getContextPath()（获取web项目根路径）

接收类型：String

public class getContextPath extends HelloServlet{
	@Override
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		doPost(req, resp);
	}
	
	@Override
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		//获取web项目根路径
		String contextpath = req.getContextPath();
		System.out.print(contextpath);
	}
}

getServletPath()（获取请求URI中的Servlet路径的字符串）

接收类型：String

public class getServletPath extends HttpServlet{
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		doPost(req, resp);
	}
	
	@Override
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		//获取请求URI中的Servlet路径的字符串
		String servletPath = req.getServletPath();
		System.out.print(servletPath);
	}
}

getscheme()（获取当前请求所使用的协议）

接收类型：String

public class getscheme extends HttpServlet{
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		doPost(req, resp);
	}
	
	@Override
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		//获取当前请求所使用的协议
		String scheme = req.getScheme();
		System.out.print(scheme);
	}
}

getServerName()（获取当前请求的服务器名称）

接收类型：String

public class getServerName extends HttpServlet{
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		doPost(req, resp);
	}
	
	@Override
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		//获取当前请求的服务器名称
		String servername = req.getServerName()();
		System.out.print(servername);
	}
}

getServerPort()（获取当前请求的服务器端口）

接收类型：int


public class getServerPort extends HttpServlet{
		protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
			// TODO Auto-generated method stub
			doPost(req, resp);
		}
		
		@Override
		protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
			// TODO Auto-generated method stub
			//获取当前请求的服务器端口
			int serverport = req.getServerPort()();
			System.out.print(serverport);
		}
}

getWriter() 获取响应的打印输出流对象

@webServlet("/hello")
public class getWriter extends HttpServlet{
		protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
			// TODO Auto-generated method stub
			doPost(req, resp);
		}
		
		@Override
		protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
			// TODO Auto-generated method stub
			//处理乱码
			resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
			//响应给浏览器数据
			//使用PrintWriter关键字声明变量writer来代表resp.getWriter()方法
			PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
			//此处可理解为  	resp.getWriter.print()
			writer.print("我是响应到浏览器的数据");
		}
}

sendRedirect() 重定向

@webServlet("/hello")
public class sendRedirect extends HttpServlet{
		protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
			doPost(req, resp);
		}
		
		@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
			//重定向到百度https:\\www.baidu.com
			resp.sendRedirect("https:\\www.baidu.com");
		}
}

s

@webServlet("/login")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet{
		protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
			doPost(req, resp);
		}
		
		@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
			//获取请求参数
		 	String username = req.getParamenter("username");
		 	String password = req.getParamenter("password");
		 	//密码判断
		 	if("admin".equals(username) && "123456".equals(password)){
		 		//登陆成功，跳转首页baidu(转发)
		 		resp.getRequestDispatcher("https:\\www.baidu.com").forward(req,resp);
		 	}else{
		 		//登陆失败，跳转首页360(重定向)
				resp.sendRedirect("https:\\www.360.com");
			}
		}
}

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Login</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录</h1>
	<form action="login" method="post">
		用户名：<input type="text" name="username"><br>
	 	密  码：<input type="password" name="password"><br>
	 	<input type="submit" value="登录">
	</form>
</body>
</html>