Swift：扩展专题

1. 扩展初体验

 Ps：只能扩展五种东西

 1. 方法

 2. 计算型属性

 3. 便利的构造函数

 4. 嵌套的枚举类型

 5. 下标

 不允许扩展成员变量和指定的构造函数

import Foundation

struct Point {
    var x: Int
    var y: Int
}

struct Size {
    var width: Int
    var height: Int
}

class Rect {
    var point: Point
    var size: Size
    
    init(point: Point, size: Size) {
        self.point = point
        self.size = size
    }
}

// 只能扩展五种东西
// 1. 方法
// 2. 计算型属性
// 3. 便利的构造函数
// 4. 嵌套的枚举类型
// 5. 下标
// 不允许扩展成员变量和指定的构造函数
extension Rect {
    var center: Point {
        return Point(x: point.x + size.width / 2, y: point.y + size.height / 2)
    }
    
    convenience init(center: Point, size: Size) {
        let originX = center.x - size.width / 2
        let originY = center.y - size.height / 2
        self.init(point: Point(x: originX, y: originY), size: size)
    }
    
    func printHello() {
        print("Hello!")
    }
}

let rect = Rect(center: Point(x: 2, y: 2), size: Size(width: 4, height: 4))
rect.point
rect.printHello()

2. 扩展嵌套的枚举类型和下标

import Foundation

struct Point {
    var x: Int
    var y: Int
}

struct Size {
    var width: Int
    var height: Int
}

class Rect {
    var point: Point
    var size: Size
    
    init(point: Point, size: Size) {
        self.point = point
        self.size = size
    }
}

extension Rect {
    // 扩展嵌套的枚举类型
    enum Vertex: Int {
        case LeftTop // 默认关联值为0
        case RightTop
        case RightBottom
        case LeftBottom
    }
    
    func pointAtVertex(v: Vertex) -> Point {
        switch v {
        case .LeftTop:
            return point
        case .RightTop:
            return Point(x: point.x + size.width, y: point.y)
        case .RightBottom:
            return Point(x: point.x + size.width, y: point.y + size.height)
        case .LeftBottom:
            return Point(x: point.x, y: point.y + size.height)
        }
    }
    
    // 扩展下标
    subscript(index: Int) -> Point {
        assert(index >= 0 && index <= 3)
        return pointAtVertex(v: Vertex(rawValue: index)!) // 回顾知识点，通过rawValue得到的枚举类型都是可选型
    }
}

let rect = Rect(point: Point(x: 0, y: 0), size: Size(width: 10, height: 10))
rect[2] // 10, 10
rect.pointAtVertex(v: .RightBottom) // 10, 10

3. 扩展系统类库，这里以Int为?

import UIKit

extension Int {
    var suqare: Int {
        return self * self
    }
    
    var cube: Int {
        return self * self * self
    }
    
    func inRange(closedLeft left: Int, openedRight right: Int) -> Bool {
        return self >= left && self < right
    }
    
    // 函数式编程思想，重复执行这么多次
    func repititions(task: () -> ()) {
        for _ in 0 ..< self {
            task()
        }
    }
    
    // 自定义一个扩展的函数，用于指定的循环，并打印其平方
    func myStride(to: Int, by: Int, task: (_ num: Int) -> ()) {
        for i in stride(from: self, to: to, by: by) {
            task(i)
        }
    }
    
    subscript(index: Int) -> Int { // 通过下标找出一个数的第几位是哈
        var len = 0
        var temp1 = self
        var temp2 = temp1
        while temp1 != 0 {
            temp1 /= 10
            len += 1
        }
        let CircleTime = len - index // 循环次数
        var tail: Int = 0
        for _ in 0 ..< CircleTime {
            tail = temp2 % 10
            temp2 /= 10
        }
        return tail
    }
    
    func toBinary() -> Int {
        var temp = self
        var sum = 0
        var len = 0
        var tail: Int = 0
        while temp != 0 {
            len += 1
            tail = temp % 2
            sum += tail * Int(pow(10.0, Double(len - 1))) // 这里强烈吐槽pow函数！！！就没有Int吗，非要强转！！！
            temp /= 2
        }
        return sum
    }
    
    func isPrime() -> Bool {
        assert(self >= 0)
        switch  self {
        case 0, 1:
            return false
        case 2, 3:
            return true
        default:
            for i in 2 ... Int(sqrt(Double(self))) {
                if self % i == 0 {
                    return false
                }
            }
            return true
        }
    }
}

let num = 2
num.cube
num.suqare
num.inRange(closedLeft: 0, openedRight: 8)
num.repititions {
    print("I love Bytedance")
}
num.myStride(to: 10, by: 2) { i in
    print(i.suqare) // 从2的平方打印到8的平方
}
let num2 = 434236
num2[0] // 4
num2[1] // 3
num2[2] // 4
num2[3] // 2

16.toBinary() // 10000
18.toBinary() // 10010
1.toBinary() // 1
1024.toBinary() // 10_000_000_000

1.isPrime() // false
2.isPrime() // true
3.isPrime() // true
4.isPrime() // false
17.isPrime() // true
49.isPrime() // false
101.isPrime() // true