python单元测试unittest学习

目录

为什么做单元测试

1.单元测试：对于软件设计最小的单元进行正确性测试，将可能存在的错误在最小范围内解决。
2.目的：发现模块内部逻辑，语法，算法，功能等错误。
3.测试方式：代码级别的测试和模块功能的测试
3.1代码级别测试
根据内部逻辑与接口编写测试用例
接口测试：确保接口实现正确，符合设计文档规范
数据结构测试：确保数据接口可用，例如数据库，文件，自定义数据结构；
边界测试：对于边界进行测试

单元测试用例编写

基础测试用例

def add(*args):
    result = 0
    for i in args:
        result +=i
    return result

print(add(1))
print(add(1,2))
print(add(1,"a"))
...
1
3
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\shitou\eclipse-workspace\python_test\src\test\__init__.py", line 9, in <module>
    print(add(1,"a"))
  File "C:\Users\shitou\eclipse-workspace\python_test\src\test\__init__.py", line 4, in add
    result +=i
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +=: 'int' and 'str'

unittest单元测试框架

1.测试用例：
1）.测试环境准备
2）.测试代码执行
3）.测试环境还原
4）.测试回归化
5）.测试结果分析

2.测试用例结构

import unittest

class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):
    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls):
    #初始化测试：构建预置条件，套件执行一次
    
    def setUp(self):
    #初始化：构建预置条件，每个脚本执行一次
    
    def tearDown(self):
    #恢复测试环境：清理测试数据等，每个脚本执行一次
    
    @classmethod
    def tearDownClass(cls):
    #恢复测试环境：清理测试数据等，套件执行一次
    def test_xxx(self):
        #测试用例必须以test开头
        
if __name__=="__main__":
    unittest.main()#执行测试用例

3.实例测试
1）待测方法

def add(a,b):
    return a+b

2）测试用例

import unittest
from test import myfunction as MF

class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        print("test start")
    
    def tearDown(self):
        print("end test")

    def test_001(self):
        result = MF.add(1, 2)
        self.assertEqual(result, 3)
        
    def test_002(self):
        result = MF.add(0, 2)
        self.assertEqual(result, 2)

    def test_003(self):
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, MF.add(0, 2))
        
if __name__=="__main__":
    unittest.main()
    

测试集unittest.TestSuite

import unittest
from test import myfunction as MF

class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        pass
    
    def tearDown(self):
        pass

    def test_001(self):
        result = MF.add(1, 2)
        self.assertEqual(result, 3)
        
    def test_002(self):
        result = MF.add(0, 2)
        self.assertEqual(result, 2)

    def test_003(self):
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, MF.add(0, 2))
        
if __name__=="__main__":
    suite = unittest.TestSuite()
    #添加单个测试用例
    suite.addTest(MyTest("test_001"))
    suite.addTest(MyTest("test_002"))
    #添加多个测试用例
    test_cases = [MyTest("test_003")]
    suite.addTests(test_cases)
    #统计测试用例数
    tc_num = suite.countTestCases()
    print(tc_num) #3
    runner = unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=0)
    runner.run(suite)  #执行
#0 (静默模式): 你只能获得总的测试用例数和总的结果 比如 总共100个 失败20 成功80
3
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 3 tests in 0.000s

OK

#1 (默认模式): 非常类似静默模式 只是在每个成功的用例前面有个“.” 每个失败的用例前面有个 “F”
3
.F.
#2 (详细模式):测试结果会显示每个测试用例的所有相关的信息
并且 你在命令行里加入不同的参数可以起到一样的效果
3
test_001 (__main__.MyTest) ... ok
test_002 (__main__.MyTest) ... ok
test_003 (__main__.MyTest) ... ok

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 3 tests in 0.000s

OK

断言

        result = MF.add(1, 2)
        self.assertEqual(result, 4,"预期是%d，实际是%d")
        self.assertTrue(expr, msg)
        ...

跳过测试用例

1.使用装饰器unittest.skip

import unittest
from test import myfunction as MF

class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        pass
    
    def tearDown(self):
        pass

    def test_001(self):
        result = MF.add(1, 2)
        self.assertEqual(result, 3,"预期是%d，实际是%d")
    @unittest.skip("Not Test")
    def test_002(self):
        print("no test")
        result = MF.add(0, 2)
        self.assertEqual(result, 3)
#   
#     def test_003(self):
#         self.assertRaises(TypeError, MF.add(0, 2))
#         
if __name__=="__main__":
    unittest.main()
# .
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Ran 2 tests in 0.000s
# 
# OK (skipped=1)

2.skipIf
测试方法

version = 1
def add(a,b):
    return a+b

测试用例

import unittest
from test import myfunction as MF

class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        pass
    
    def tearDown(self):
        pass

    def test_001(self):
        result = MF.add(1, 2)
        self.assertEqual(result, 3,"预期是%d，实际是%d")
    @unittest.skipIf(MF.version==1, "跳过测试")     #满足条件则不执行
    def test_002(self):
        result = MF.add(0, 2)
        self.assertEqual(result, 3)
.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 2 tests in 0.000s

OK (skipped=1)

if __name__=="__main__":
    unittest.main()

3.skipUnless

import unittest
from test import myfunction as MF

class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        pass
    
    def tearDown(self):
        pass

    def test_001(self):
        result = MF.add(1, 2)
        self.assertEqual(result, 3,"预期是%d，实际是%d")
    @unittest.skipIf(MF.version==1, "跳过测试")     #满足条件则跳过
    def test_002(self):
        result = MF.add(0, 2)
        self.assertEqual(result, 3)
        
    @unittest.skipUnless(MF.version==1, "跳过测试")     #不满足条件则跳过
    def test_003(self):
        result = MF.add(0, 3)
        self.assertEqual(result, 3)
if __name__=="__main__":
    unittest.main()

4.expectedFailure

import unittest
from test import myfunction as MF

class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        pass
    
    def tearDown(self):
        pass

    def test_001(self):
        result = MF.add(1, 2)
        self.assertEqual(result, 3,"预期是%d，实际是%d")
    
    @unittest.expectedFailure
    def test_002(self):
        result = MF.add(0, 2)
        self.assertEqual(result, 3)
    
if __name__=="__main__":
    unittest.main()

扫描所有测试用例

unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover

    def set_test_suite(self):
        """
        set case suite
        :return:
        """
        #定义测试套件
        #定义测试文件查找的目录
        test_suite = unittest.TestSuite()
        testcase_dir = os.path.join(RC.proDir,"testcase")
        discover = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover(testcase_dir, pattern = 'TS*.py', top_level_dir=None)
        #扫描所有TS开头的py文件，然后把测试用例添加到测试集合
        if discover:
            for suite in discover:
                for test_case in suite:
                    test_suite.addTest(test_case)
        else:
            return None
        return test_suite

生成测试报告HTMLTestRunner

def runAllTest(self):
        """
        run test
        :return:
        """
        try:
            suite = self.set_test_suite()
            if suite:
                logger.info("********TEST START********")
                fp = open(reportPath, 'wb')
                runner = HT.HTMLTestRunner(stream=fp, 
                                           verbosity=2,
                                           title='Test Report', 
                                           description='Test Description')
                runner.run(suite)
                fp.close()
                time.sleep(3)
            else:
                logger.info("Have no case to test.")
        except Exception as ex:

补充

1.unittest.main()执行过程
收集测试用例
根据case生成测试集
运行测试用例