linux命令之远程文件或文件夹拷贝-scp

在linux安装部署或者升级分布式系统时，经常要重当前主机拷贝文件到集群中其他的主机节点，或者从其他主机节点拷贝文件到当前主机。

我们知道cp命令是同一主机下面文件的拷贝，而scp命令就是linux下实现远程主机之间文件拷贝的命令，支持向远程主机‘推文件’和向远程主机‘拉文件’的方式。

输入scp -h看看选项：

$ scp -h
unknown option -- h
usage: scp [-12346BCpqrv] [-c cipher] [-F ssh_config] [-i identity_file]
           [-l limit] [-o ssh_option] [-P port] [-S program]
           [[user@]host1:]file1 ... [[user@]host2:]file2

列出了一些选项和大致的用法，不过具体选项是什么意思并不知道。

输入man scp看看说明：

SCP(1)                                                                              BSD General Commands Manual                                                                             SCP(1)

NAME
     scp — secure copy (remote file copy program)

SYNOPSIS
     scp [-12346BCpqrv] [-c cipher] [-F ssh_config] [-i identity_file] [-l limit] [-o ssh_option] [-P port] [-S program] [[user@]host1:]file1 ... [[user@]host2:]file2

DESCRIPTION
     scp copies files between hosts on a network.  It uses ssh(1) for data transfer, and uses the same authentication and provides the same security as ssh(1).  scp will ask for passwords or
     passphrases if they are needed for authentication.

     File names may contain a user and host specification to indicate that the file is to be copied to/from that host.  Local file names can be made explicit using absolute or relative pathnames
     to avoid scp treating file names containing ‘:’ as host specifiers.  Copies between two remote hosts are also permitted.

     The options are as follows:

     -1      Forces scp to use protocol 1.

     -2      Forces scp to use protocol 2.

     -3      Copies between two remote hosts are transferred through the local host.  Without this option the data is copied directly between the two remote hosts.  Note that this option dis‐
             ables the progress meter.

     -4      Forces scp to use IPv4 addresses only.

     -6      Forces scp to use IPv6 addresses only.

     -B      Selects batch mode (prevents asking for passwords or passphrases).

     -C      Compression enable.  Passes the -C flag to ssh(1) to enable compression.

     -c cipher
             Selects the cipher to use for encrypting the data transfer.  This option is directly passed to ssh(1).

     -F ssh_config
             Specifies an alternative per-user configuration file for ssh.  This option is directly passed to ssh(1).

     -i identity_file
             Selects the file from which the identity (private key) for public key authentication is read.  This option is directly passed to ssh(1).

     -l limit
             Limits the used bandwidth, specified in Kbit/s.

     -o ssh_option
             Can be used to pass options to ssh in the format used in ssh_config(5).  This is useful for specifying options for which there is no separate scp command-line flag.  For full
             details of the options listed below, and their possible values, see ssh_config(5).

                   AddressFamily
                   BatchMode
                   BindAddress
                   CanonicalDomains
                   CanonicalizeFallbackLocal
                   CanonicalizeHostname
                   CanonicalizeMaxDots
                   CanonicalizePermittedCNAMEs
                   CertificateFile
                   ChallengeResponseAuthentication
                   CheckHostIP
                   Cipher
                   Ciphers
                   Compression
                   CompressionLevel
                   ConnectionAttempts
                   ConnectTimeout
                   ControlMaster
                   ControlPath
                   ControlPersist
                   GlobalKnownHostsFile
                   GSSAPIAuthentication
                   GSSAPIDelegateCredentials
                   HashKnownHosts
                   Host
                   HostbasedAuthentication
                   HostbasedKeyTypes
                   HostKeyAlgorithms
                   HostKeyAlias
                   HostName
                   IdentityFile
                   IdentitiesOnly
                   IPQoS
                   KbdInteractiveAuthentication
                   KbdInteractiveDevices
                   KexAlgorithms
                   LogLevel
                   MACs
                   NoHostAuthenticationForLocalhost
                   NumberOfPasswordPrompts
                   PasswordAuthentication
                   PKCS11Provider
                   Port
                   PreferredAuthentications
                   Protocol
                   ProxyCommand
                   PubkeyAcceptedKeyTypes
                   PubkeyAuthentication
                   RekeyLimit
                   RhostsRSAAuthentication
                   RSAAuthentication
                   SendEnv
                   ServerAliveInterval
                   ServerAliveCountMax
                   StrictHostKeyChecking
                   TCPKeepAlive
                   UpdateHostKeys
                   UsePrivilegedPort
                   User
                   UserKnownHostsFile
                   VerifyHostKeyDNS

     -P port
             Specifies the port to connect to on the remote host.  Note that this option is written with a capital ‘P’, because -p is already reserved for preserving the times and modes of the
             file.

     -p      Preserves modification times, access times, and modes from the original file.

     -q      Quiet mode: disables the progress meter as well as warning and diagnostic messages from ssh(1).

     -r      Recursively copy entire directories.  Note that scp follows symbolic links encountered in the tree traversal.

     -S program
             Name of program to use for the encrypted connection.  The program must understand ssh(1) options.

     -v      Verbose mode.  Causes scp and ssh(1) to print debugging messages about their progress.  This is helpful in debugging connection, authentication, and configuration problems.

EXIT STATUS
     The scp utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs.

SEE ALSO
     sftp(1), ssh(1), ssh-add(1), ssh-agent(1), ssh-keygen(1), ssh_config(5), sshd(8)

HISTORY
     scp is based on the rcp program in BSD source code from the Regents of the University of California.

AUTHORS
     Timo Rinne <tri@iki.fi>
     Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>

BSD                                                                                     September 25, 2015                                                                                     BSD

里面常用的选项有，-r 拷贝目录，-v 显示拷贝时的调试信息，对于拷贝文件出错有帮助，-l 限制拷贝时带宽等。